2.1 Cell Structure- Eukaryotic Flashcards
Cell Surface Membrane (function)
Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
It has receptor molecules on the surface in order to respond to chemicals (eg hormones).
Nucleus (function)
Controls production of mRNA and tRNA and so protein synthesis
Retains genetic material f the cell as DNA and chromosomes
Manufactures ribosomal RNA and ribosomes
Mitochondria (function)
The site of aerobic respiration which produces ATP (krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation)
The matrix contains the enzymes involved in respiration
Chloroplasts (function)
The site of photosynthesis
Chlorophyll absorbs light energy and uses this light energy to synthesise glucose
Golgi Apparatus (function)
Processes, packages and transports polypeptides and lipids in preparation for exocytosis
They’re transported in vesicles
Lysosomes (function)
A vesicle containing the digestive enzyme lysosome
Hydrolyse invading cells like bacteria
Releases enzymes to outside the cell (exocytosis) to destroy material around the cell
Digest worn out cells so chemical components can be used again
Break down cells complement when they die (autolysis)
Ribosomes (function)
The site of protein synthesis
mRNA transcribed in the nucleus is translated
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (function)
Provides a network of membranes for the transport of polypeptides.
Main site of protein synthesis due to the presence of ribosomes.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (function)
Synthesises, stores and transports lipids and carbohydrates
Cell Wall (function)
Supports the cell and prevents them from losing their shape (eg due to osmotic pressures)
Cell Vacuole (function)
Helps to maintain pressure in the cell, keeping it turgid
Isolates unwanted chemical inside the cell
Sugars and amino acids are a temporary food store
Pigments colour petals to attract pollinating insects
Eukaryotic Cell (define)
Cell with:
a distinct nucleus
membrane bound organelles
Cell Surface Membrane (structure)
Bilayer of lipids with embedded proteins.
Some lipids and proteins have carbohydrates attached.
Nucleus (structure)
Large organelle with a double membrane called the nuclear envelope with many nuclear pores.
Contains genetic material and one or more nucleolus.
Mitochondria (structure)
Rod shaped organelle with a double membrane
Inner membrane folds to form structured called cristae
Inner fluid compartment is called the matrix
Cristae (define)
The structures formed by the folded inner membrane of the mitochondria
Provide large surface area for the attachment of enzymes and other proteins involved in respiration
Chloroplast (structure)
Disk shaped, flattened organelle with a double membrane
Stacks of membrane inside called thylakoid membranes
Where chlorophyll is found