B1, B2 - Cell Structure, Transport, Cell Division Flashcards
Animal cell structure and functions
Cell membrane - controls the passage of substances in the cell
Nucleus - contains the genes and instructions for reproduction
Cytoplasm - where all the organelles are suspended and all reactions take place
Mitochondria - where aerobic respiration takes place
Ribosomes - where protein synthesis takes place
Plant cell structure and functions
Cell membrane - controls the passage of substances
Vacuole - filled with cell sap, keeps the cell rigid
Cell wall - strengthens the cell and supports it
Mitochondria - where aerobic respiration takes place
Ribosomes - where protein synthesis happens
Chloroplast - absorbs light for photosynthesis
Nucleus - contains genetic info + instructions
Actual size equation
Actual size = image size / magnification
Characteristics of a prokaryotic cell
Oldest cell type Small and simple Lack organelles, including nucleus Single - celled Singular circular chromosome
Characteristics of a eukaryotic cell
Evolved from prokaryotes Larger and more complex Contain organelles, including nucleus Single - celled or multicellular Multiple linear chromosomes
What is a stem cell
An unspecialised cell that retains the ability to differentiate throughout its life
Light microscope magnification and resolution
Mag = 1000 x 1500 Res = 200 nm
Electron microscope magnification and resolution
Mag = x 500,000 Res = 0.2 nm
What is diffusion
The spreading of particles of a gas or substance in solution, where the net movement is from a concentrated area to an area of lower concentration
What is osmosis
When water molecules pass through a semi - permeable membrane, where the net movement is from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution
Osmosis in animal cells
Lysis - when water moved into the cell and the cell eventually bursts
Crenation - water leaves the cell, making it shrivel up
Osmosis in plant cells
Turgid - the state of a plant cell when the cell swells up from being filled with water
Plasmolysed - the state of a plant cell when the cell becomes soft from the absence of water
What is active transport
Active transport allows a cell to move substances from a low concentration to a high concentration against a concentration gradient
The effect of SA : V ratio on transport
The larger an organism gets, the more complex it is, special surfaces must adapt to exchange materials as efficient as possible
What is mitosis
Mitosis is when a cell creates a copy of its chromosomes and splits to create new daughter cells
