Unit 4

Question 1

What is proposition?

Answer 1

Preposition is a statement that expresses a judgement or opinion.

Question 2

What are syllogisms that have either one premise or an argument missing called?

Answer 2

Enthymeme [aenthumeem]

Question 3

What is enthymeme?

Answer 3

A syllogism that has either one premise or a conclusion missing.

Question 4

What is a categorical proposition?

Answer 4

Categorical propositions claim that some or all of a certain kind of thing have or don’t have a certain characteristic or property.

Question 5

What is a universal proposition?

Answer 5

In a universal proposition we assert something about all of the things of a kind.

Question 6

What is a particular proposition?

Answer 6

In a particular proposition we assert something about some of the things of a kind.

Question 7

What is a syllogism?

Answer 7

Syllogism is a deductive argument that consists of three categorical propositions which contain 3 terms, each of which appears in two different propositions.

Question 8

What are the steps of testing a syllogism with Venn diagram?

Answer 8

1. Diagram both premises. Always diagram the universal premises first and then diagram any particular claim.
2. Determine whether the conclusion has been diagrammed in the process of diagramming the premises.

Question 9

What is copula?

Answer 9

Copula is a word linking the subject and the predicate of the sentence. In the sentence “The sky is blue” - “is” is a copula.

Question 10

What are the steps to add the missing part of an enthymeme?

Answer 10

1. Formulate the terms of the argument.
2. Write the stated part of the argument in a standard categorical form.
3. Determine which two terms appear only once in the stated part of the argument.
4. Formulate the missing part of the argument using the two terms from step three.

Question 11

What are four types of categorical proposition?

Answer 11

A: All S are P | AffirmO
I: Some S are P | AffirmO
E: No S is P | nEgO
O Some S are not P | nEgO

Question 12

What are the terms of a categorical proposition?

Answer 12

The terms of a categorical proposition are the words or phrases that indicate the subject of the proposition (the thing that is being talked about) and the property that the subject has or does not have.

Question 13

What is the structure of a categorical proposition?

Answer 13

Quantifier + subject term + copula + predicate term.

Question 14

What are two possible qualities of a categorical proposition?

Answer 14

Two possible qualities of a categorical proposition are: - Affirmative
- Negative

Question 15

What are two possible quantities of a categorical proposition?

Answer 15

Two possible quantities of a categorical proposition are:

• Universal
• Particular