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AP Biology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

criteria for a trait to be adaptive

A

hereditary/passed down, variation must exist, and increase the fitness-ability to adaptive

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2
Q

What are conservative traits

A

Traits that do not change over time because they haven’t needed to change
(Ducks courtship dances)

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3
Q

How is population regulated

A

Starvation, natural disaster, disease

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4
Q

What is a biological rhythm

A

Inside body telling yourself what to do ( to wake up, eat, etc…) due to environmental factors

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5
Q

Define epicycle

A

Cycle that is less than 24 hours

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6
Q

Define Circadian cycle

A

The natural cycle that lasts 24 hours and when our natural rhythms are of rest, energy, and activity

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7
Q

Circannual Cycles

A

Cycles that happen every year due to a hormonal change in an animal based on the seasons
EX: Seasonal Affective Disorder, Hibernation, Estrous (depending on animal)

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8
Q

Entrainment

A

when your internal rhythm is off based on the external stimuli
EX: Jetlag

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9
Q

Zetbergers

A

The environmental factor that fixes entrainment

EX: sun, temperature, tides

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10
Q

Ashoff’s Rule

A

He said that your cycles adapt to the surroundings the shift away from the 24 hour cycle

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11
Q

Why do animals migrate

A

Better food, mating, climate

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12
Q

Explain the 2 phases that trigger migration

A

Preparatory (Fat deposition: slows metabolism to conserve energy and increases fat
Zeugenrue: animal becomes restless in terms of anxiety)
Stimulus
(Photoperiod Stimulus
Climatic Conditions)

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13
Q

Four flyaway in America

A

Pacific, mississippi, atlantic, central

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14
Q

Navigation

A

The process by which an animal uses cues to determine its position
EX: using landmarks, or 6 senses

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15
Q

Four components needed to really understand behavior according to niko tinbergen

A

Evolution, function, development, and causation

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16
Q

Three basic functions of the nervous system

A

Reaction, integration, sensation

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17
Q

Two sections of the autonomic NS

A

Parasympathetic (rest/digest)

Sympathetic (fight/flight)

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18
Q

Function of astrocytes (start shaped)

A

Nutrient transfer

Guiding migration of developing neurons

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19
Q

5 cycle characteristics

A

frequency, period, amplitude, phase, duration

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20
Q

Nomadic migration

A

Change of location continuously; usually to follow prey species

21
Q

T/F: ethology is the study of animal behavior

A

true

22
Q

T/F: operant conditioning is the behavior in regard to consequences

A

true

23
Q

T/F: Lorenz studied bees

A

F-Von Frisch

24
Q

T/F Tiberg studies birds and species specific

A

F-Lorenz

25
Q

wallace

A

came up with the idea of evolution

26
Q

darwin

A

proved evolution was true

27
Q

who were the greats

A

lorenz, tinbergen, and von frisch

28
Q

ethograms are…

A

is a description an documentation of the behavioral patterns under study, a behavioral inventory-tool to study behavior

29
Q

kin selection is…

A

proposed by hamilton and is known to be a form of natural selection in which individuals can increase their fitness by helping close relatives, because close relatives share the helper’s genes

30
Q

altruism is…

A

(kin selection is used to describe altruism) individual selection can explain cooperation through inclusive fitness

31
Q

Overall increase in fitness and animal gets by helping itself and others

A

inclusive fitness

32
Q

Perception is more important than reality

A

true

33
Q

What is the change in allele frequencies in a population over time

A

evolution

34
Q

Year the greats won noble prize

A

1972

35
Q

Strange act where an animal will put itself in harm’s way in order to help others

A

altruism

36
Q

What consists of the neurons and neuroglia that attach to the brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

37
Q

What is more abundant that neurons in the body

A

neuroglia

38
Q

What is the ways bees communicate where food is outside of the hive

A

waggle dance

39
Q

What nervous system contains nerves that connect to the CNS and muscles and organs

A

PNS

40
Q

Cells that monitor stimuli during sensation are called

A

receptors

41
Q

What are the functional signal conducting cells:

A

neurons

42
Q

supporting cells

A

neuroglia

43
Q

What Is a type of neuroglia that act as K and Na buffers

A

astrocytes

44
Q

Type of neuroglia that acts as a macrophage of the CNS:

A

microglia

45
Q

What types of neuroglia in the PNS has no known function

A

satellite cells

46
Q

Input region of a neuron:

A

dendrites or soma

47
Q

Define lateralization in terms of the brain and 2 hemispheres

A

Left side of the brain controls right side of body and visa versa as well as their specific functions that are different. That is not 100% so some parts of the right brain also works when moving the right side of the body because if one side of the brain got hurt the other side can compensate. Lateralization balances out the brain

48
Q

Three kinds of neurons that connect to CNS

A

Sensory, motor, interneuron

49
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic are a part of the autonomic which is part of the

A

peripheral

AP Biology (41 decks)

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