Clinical anatomy-lower limb

Question 1

What are the 4 pelvic bones?

Answer 1

Ilium, ischium, pubic bone and sacrum

Question 2

What are the pudendal and pelvic splanchnic nerve important for

Answer 2

bladder and bowel control

Question 3

Sciatic nerve is formed from?

Answer 3

L4,S1,S2,S3 nerve roots

Question 4

What can be injured in major pelvic trauma?

Answer 4

Urethra,rectum and bladder

Question 5

What supplies the femoral head?

Answer 5

ring anastomosis

Question 6

An intracapsule hip fracture-treatment

Answer 6

replace

Question 7

If an extracapcular hip fracture - treatment

Answer 7

fixed with dynamic hip screw

Question 8

There s tennis blood supply yo the superior head which is susceptible to blockage e.g. by fat. What is the result of this

Answer 8

avascular necrosis

Question 9

What action is the gluteus maxis responsible for?

Answer 9

extension and external rotation

Question 10

What do the adbuctors do when standing on one leg?

Answer 10

tilt the pelvis

Question 11

What is the most powerful flexor?

Answer 11

illiopsoas (made up of posts major and illiacus)

Question 12

What are the quads supplied by?

Answer 12

femoral nerve

Question 13

What does a straight leg raise test?

Answer 13

extensor mechanism

Question 14

Hams are supplied by

Answer 14

sciatic nerve

Question 15

Semitendinosus can be used as a _______ _____

Answer 15

tendon graft ( used for ACL reconstruction)

Question 16

Adductors supplied by

Answer 16

obturator nerve ( can refer hip pathology to the knee)

Question 17

Adductor hiatus

Answer 17

transmits the femoral artery and vein from Hunters canal into popliteal fossa

Question 18

What are the two types of cartilage in the knee?

Answer 18

Hyaline
fibrocartilaginous menisci ( c shaped discs of cartilage that transmit force from the more rounded femoral condyles to the plateau)

Question 19

Medial colateral ligament resists

Answer 19

valgus stress ( stop it more excessively knock kneed)

Question 20

ACL resists

Answer 20

internal rotation and anterior translation tibia

Question 21

PCL resists

Answer 21

posterior translation or anterior translation tibia e.g. descending stira

Question 22

LCL resists

Answer 22

valgus stress and helps to resists external rotation

Question 23

What is the tibiofemoral angle on average

Answer 23

6 degree valgus

result in symmetric distribution of load between medial and lateral compartments

Question 24

Genu valgum have an increased of

Answer 24

lateral OA

Question 25

Genu varum have an increased risk of

Answer 25

medial OA

Question 26

What are bursae

Answer 26

filmy tissue
prevents friction between may things
but can become inflamed

Question 27

In the anterior compartment of leg- what is supply

Answer 27

dorsiflexors and long toe extensors

deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

Question 28

lateral compartment of leg supply

Answer 28

peroneus longs and brevis

superficial peroneal n

Question 29

posterior compartment of leg supply

Answer 29

tibial n

Question 30

Whats the treatment of compartment syndrome

Answer 30

fasciotomy

Question 31

WHAT IS THE TRIANGLE SHAPED MEDIAL LIGAMANT

Answer 31

deltoid ligament

Question 32

How many ligaments do you need to injure to have an instability issue

Answer 32

2 out of the 3 lateral ligaments

Question 33

What is tarsal coalition

Answer 33

abnormal connection between tarsal bones

Question 34

What bones are in the hind foot

Answer 34

talus and calcaneus

Question 35

What bones are in the mid foot

Answer 35

cuneiform ( 1,2,3) , cuboid and navicular

Question 36

What bones are in the forefoot

Answer 36

Metatarsal, phalanxes and tarsometatarsal

Question 37

Composite movements involving ankle joint,subtalar joint and mid foot

Answer 37

pronation and supination

Question 38

What contributes the the medial arch

Answer 38

tibial posterior and plantar fascia ( if it degenerates can get micro tears and pain)

Question 39

What do lumbricals assist in

Answer 39

flexion of MTPJ and extension of interphalanageal joints (PIP and DIP)

Question 40

Imbalance of the flexor and extensor tendons can lead to…

Answer 40

claw and hammer toe deformities