AP Government Chapter Five Key Terms

Question 1

Civil Rights

Answer 1

policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals

Question 2

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 2

The constitutional amendment adopted after the civil war that states. “No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizen of the United States; not shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws

Question 3

Equal Protection of the Laws

Answer 3

Part of the Fourteenth Amendment emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent “protection” to all people

Question 4

Scott v. Sandford

Answer 4

the 1857 supreme court decision ruling that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that congress has no authority to ban slavery in the territories

Question 5

Thirteenth Amendment

Answer 5

the constitutional amendment ratified after the civil war that forbade slavery and involuntary servitutde

Question 6

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 6

an 1896 supreme court decision that provided a constitutional justification for segregation by ruling that a Louisiana law requiring “ equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races” was constitutional

Question 7

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 7

the 1954 supreme court decision holding that school segregation was inherently unconstitutional because it violated the fourteenth amendments guarantee of equal protection. This case marked the end of legal segregation in the united states

Question 8

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 8

the law that made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination

Question 9

Suffrage

Answer 9

the legal right to vote, extended to African Americans by the fifteenth amendment, to women by the nineteenth and to people over the age of 18 by the twenty-sixth

Question 10

Fifteenth Amendment

Answer 10

the constitutional amendment adopted in 1870 to extend suffrage to African Americans

Question 11

Poll Taxes

Answer 11

small taxes levied on the right to vote that often fell due at a time of year when poor African American sharecroppers had the least cash on hand. This method was used by most southern states to exclude African Americans from voting. Poll taxes were declared void by the twenty fourth amendment in 1964

Question 12

White Primary

Answer 12

one of the means used to discourage African American voting that permitted political parties in the heavily democratic south to exclude African Americans from primary elections, this depriving them of a voice in the real contests. The supreme court declared white primaries unconstitutional in 1944

Question 13

Twenty-Fourth Amendment

Answer 13

the constitutional amendment passed in 1964 that declared poll taxes void in federal elections

Question 14

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 14

A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered, and the number of African American Elected officials increased dramatically

Question 15

Hernandez v. Texas

Answer 15

a 1954 supreme court decision that extended protections against discrimination to Hispanics

Question 16

Korematsu v. US

Answer 16

a 1944 supreme court decision that upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100.000 americans of Japanese decent in encampments during ww2

Question 17

Ninteenth Amendment

Answer 17

the constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote

Question 18

Equal Rights Amendment

Answer 18

a constitutional amendment originally introduced in congress in 1923 and passed by congress in 1972, stating that “equality of rights under the aw shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.” despite public support, the amendment failed to acquire the necessary support from three-fourths of the state legislatures

Question 19

Reed v. Reed

Answer 19

the landmark case in 1971 in which the supreme court for the first time upheld a claim of gender discrimination

Question 20

Craig v. Broren

Answer 20

in this 1976 ruling, the supreme court established the “medium scrutiny” standard for determining gender discrimination

Question 21

Comparable Worth

Answer 21

the issue raised when women who hold traditionally female jobs are paid led than men for working at jobs for requiring comparable skill

Question 22

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Answer 22

a law passed in 1990 that requires employers and public facilities to make “reasonable accommodations” for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals In employment

Question 23

Affirmative Action

Answer 23

a policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group

Question 24

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Answer 24

a 1978 supreme court decision holding that a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race

Question 25

Adarand Constructors v. Pena

Answer 25

a 1995 supreme court decision holding that federal programs that classify people by race, even for an ostensibly benign purpose such as expanding opportunities for minorities, should be presumed to be unconstitutional