Exam 2: Yeast and Dimorphic Fungi

Question 1

T/F Candida albicans is the normal flora of the mouth, intestine, lower urogenital tract

Answer 1

T

Question 2

T/F. Candida albicans is a gram- positive yeast

Answer 2

T

Question 3

T/F. Candida albicans can cause systemic infections

Answer 3

T

Question 4

Common conditon caused by Candida albicans, manifested as white-yellow hyperkeratonic lesions

Answer 4

Thrush

Question 5

What are the 3 predispositons of Candida albicans infection

Answer 5

1. Antibiotic tx
2. Immunosuppression
3. moisture

Question 6

Thick- walled, bottle shaped, lipophilic yeast

Answer 6

Malassezia pachydermatis

Question 7

T/F. Malassezia pachydermatis are commensals on the skin of animals

Answer 7

T

Question 8

Malassezia pachydermatis is commonly found where on dogs

Answer 8

Ears

Question 9

What are the two sppl of Cryptococcus we learned about>?

Answer 9

C. neoformans and C. gattii

Question 10

Where is Cryptococcus commonly found?

Answer 10

Environment

Question 11

Large, round, budding yeast

Answer 11

Cryptococcus

Question 12

Disease of the immunocompromised causing chronic granulomatous infection of the upper resp. tract and CNS of cats and dogs,

Answer 12

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 13

What are the 4 ways you can Dx cryptococcus

Answer 13

1. Microscopid detection
2. Fungal culture
3. Test for capsilar antigen
4. Test for serum antibody

Question 14

Tx. of cryptococcosis

Answer 14

long term tx with amphotericin flucytosine, azoles,

surgical removal

Question 15

How do you prevent Cryptococcsus infection

Answer 15

avoid areas with large amts. of dried pigeon poo

Question 16

Single cell or spherule form at mammalian body temps and mold form at ambient environmental temp.

Answer 16

Termally dimorphic fungi

Question 17

What are the 4 types of Thermally dimorphic fungi?

Answer 17

1. histoplasma
2. Blastomyces
3. Coccidioides
4. Sporothrix

Question 18

The most common of the systemic mycoses

Answer 18

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 19

Dimorphic fungus characterized by large, broad- based budding yeast with a thick cell wall

Answer 19

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 20

Where is blastomyces dermatitidis commonly found.

Answer 20

Environmental organism of the ohio-mississippi river vally

Question 21

Route of entry of blastomycosis

Answer 21

inhalation mostly

Question 22

Blastomycosis is most common in what spp?

Answer 22

dogs and humans

Question 23

T/F. With regards to Blastomycosis, Disseminated disease is uncommon

Answer 23

F. common

Question 24

Dx of Blastomycosis

Answer 24

1. Fungal culture
2. Serology
3. Biopsy and histopathology

Question 25

What fungi can be described as Large, spherical yeast with broad base budding

Answer 25

Blastomycosis

Question 26

What drugs are used to tx Blastomycosis

Answer 26

Amphotericin or itraconazole

Question 27

T/F there is a vacc. available for Blastomycosis

Answer 27

F

Question 28

Thermally dimorphic fungus that is small, oval yeast, frequently seen in macrophage of infected tisssue

Answer 28

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 29

Histoplasma capsulatum is a BSL __

Answer 29

3

Question 30

Where is Histoplasma capsultatum commonly found in the environment

Answer 30

Dark, moist, soil covered with bird or bat poo

Question 31

What is the most common route of entry of Histoplasmosis

Answer 31

Inhalation

Question 32

Which spp are most commonly infected with histoplasmosis

Answer 32

human, dog, cat

Question 33

Chronic/active resp. dz or disseminated disease caused by histoplasma capsultatium

Answer 33

Histoplasmosis

Question 34

In dogs infected with histoplasmosis, _____ is commonly seen

Answer 34

intestinal dz

Question 35

What type of inflammation can be seen in histoplasmosis

Answer 35

Granulomatous

Question 36

T/F Histoplasmosis is contagious from animal to animal

Answer 36

F. not usually

Question 37

2nd most common systemic fungal infection in cats

Answer 37

Histoplasmosis

Question 38

Most common ocular sign of histoplasmosis in cats

Answer 38

Granulomatous chorioretinitis

Question 39

How do you Dx histoplasmosis infection

Answer 39

Microscopic detection in tissue

Question 40

Tx of histoplasmosis

Answer 40

Azoles and amphoterocin B

Question 41

Dimorphic fungus, but does not produce yeast form, instead large thick walled spherules containing endospores in tissue

Answer 41

Coccidioides immitis

Question 42

Coccidioides immitis is a BSL__ agent

Answer 42

3

Question 43

Where is Coccidioides immitis commonly seen in the states

Answer 43

southwestern US

Question 44

How does Coccidioides imminis enter the animal

Answer 44

inhalation of arthroconidia

Question 45

Coccidioidomycosis is commonly seen in which spp.?

Answer 45

humans, dogs, horses

Question 46

Fungi that causes chronic/active resp. and disseminated dz similar to TB

Answer 46

Coccidioides imminis

Question 47

Osteomyelitis is commonly seen in this disease:

Answer 47

Coccidioidomycosis

Question 48

how do you dx Coccidioidiodes imminis infection

Answer 48

Direct detection of spherules containing endospores in tissue

Question 49

Tx of coccidioidomycosis

Answer 49

Azoles and amphoterocin B

Question 50

Cigar- shaped, thermally dimorphic fungus

Answer 50

Sporothrix schenkii

Question 51

What does sporothrix schenkii look like in tissue

Answer 51

Pleomorphic

Question 52

Where does Sporothrix schenkii live?

Answer 52

sphagnum moss, hay, soil, other plants

Question 53

Type of fungi associated with woody plants and entry usually by puncture wound

Answer 53

Sporothriz schenkii

Question 54

which spp. are most commonly infected with sporothrix schenkii

Answer 54

Cats and horses

Question 55

how do you dx sporothrix schenkii

Answer 55

microscopic detection in culture

Question 56

how do you tx sporothrix schenkii

Answer 56

Azoles, potassium iodide given orally

Question 57

General screening of invasive fungal dz

Answer 57

Beta-D glucan assay

Question 58

Qualitative and semi-quantitative test system for the detection of capsular polysaccharide antigens of cryptocccus neoformans in serum or CSF

Answer 58

Latex agglutination test