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Cardiopulmonary > Cardiac Surgery > Flashcards

Cardiac Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic surgical complications commonly include all of the following except:

a. respiratory failure
b. arrhythmias
c. shoulder pain
d. kidney failure

A

d. kidney failure is not a common complication

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2
Q

The most common complication of thoracic surgery for cardiac patients is:

a. respiratory complications
b. cardiac complications
c. shoulder complications

A

A.

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3
Q

Why would shoulder pain be a common complication of thoracic surgery for cardiopulmonary patients?

A

Primarily referred pain of diaphragmatic irritation transmitted by phrenic nerve afferent

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4
Q

When is a coronary artery bypass graft indicated?

A

When 3 or more vessels are severely obstructed

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5
Q 
Which of the following 2 veins/arteries are utilized for CABG:
A. femoral artery
B. saphenous vein 
C. subclavian artery
D. internal mammary artery
E. internal carotid
A

B and D

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6
Q 
Which of the following 2 veins/arteries are utilized for CABG:
A. femoral artery
B. saphenous vein 
C. subclavian artery
D. internal mammary artery
E. internal carotid
A

B and D

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7
Q

The following are indications for carotid endarectomy except:

a. symptomatic pt, >70% carotid artery stenosis
b. 3 or more vessels occluded
c. symptomatic pt, 50-69% stenosis of carotid artery
d. asymptomatic pt with stenosis of 60% of greater

A

b

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8
Q

T/F a common risk factor of thoracic aortic aneurysms is hypertension?

A

False, hypotension

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9
Q

An aneurysm of ___ cm or greater, rapid enlargment, or sudden change in pain is indicative of surgery

A

5

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10
Q

T/F Claudication pain within a pt with peripheral vascular disease indicates better long-term outcomes and fewer amputations

A

True, strongest predictor of a successful outcome

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11
Q

During peripheral vascular surgery(surgical bypass and arterial reconstruction) all of the following vessels may be used except:

a. femoral-popliteal
b. aortofemoral
c. infrapopliteal
d. caroto-aortic
e. axillobifemoral

A

d

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12
Q

T/F a pacemaker can only be placed in the left portion of the upper chest

A

False, left or right

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13
Q

Epicardial leads are attached to the____ atrium or the ____ ventricle

a. right, right
b. left, left
c. right or left, right or left
d. right, right or left

A

d

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14
Q

T/F a pt with a pacemaker should not foward flex

A

False

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15
Q

T/F all pacemakers have a built in defibrillator

A

False, separate device used to crrect life-threatening arrythmias

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16
Q

T/F a defibrillator must always be paired with a pace maker

A

False

17
Q

Drainage tubes post op are most likely placed where?

a. chest wall
b. stomach
c. esophagus
d. trachea

A

a. right through intercostal spaces

18
Q

Drainage tubes post op are most likely placed where?

a. chest wall
b. stomach
c. esophagus
d. trachea

A

a. right through intercostal spaces

19
Q

Pt with <30% of LVEF are at increased risk of:

a. hypotension
b. cardiac event
c. sudden death

A

c

Best option

20
Q

Majority of heart transplantation a performed secondary to:

a. CAD
b. myocardial damage
c. cardiomyopathy
d. all of the above

A

D

21
Q

Majority of lung transplantation are performed secondary to

a. chronic bronchitis
b. emphysema

A

b

22
Q

T/F preoperative rehab for heart transplants should include 30-40 minutes of exercises 3-5 times per week at 70% HR max

A

False: minimal levels of exertion and ADLS. still able to perform ther ex but at a lower level. Often have left ventricular assist device to bridge pt to transplant

23
Q

Implantable electrically powered device that provides permanent support of systemic circulation:

a. pace makers
b. defibrillator
c. left ventricular assist device(LVAD)

A

c. also a BiVAD for both ventricles

24
Q

Fatigue resistant skeletal muscle wrapped around pt’s heart and stimulated electrically

a. LVAD
b. BiVad
c. cardiomyoplasty

A

c

25
Q

Device used when <2 years life expectancy and when pt is not a candidate for heart transplant:

a. LVAD
b. BiVAD
c. Destination VAD

A

C

LVAD/BiVAD typically used when pt is waiting for heart transplant to increase perfusion and circulation

26
Q

What device is used to bridge a patient to their heart transplant?

a. LVAD
b. Destination VAD
c. Cardiomyoplasty

A

A. Keeps patient alive until heart transplant, last resort after pharmaceuticals etc

27
Q

Accessory pump that improves tissue perfusion and maintains cardiogenic circulation:

a. destination VAD
b. LVAD
c. pacemaker

A

B(left ventricular assist device)

28
Q

Piggyback method of cardiac transplant. Donor heart connected to host heart via right/left atria:

a. orthotopic heart transplant
b. heterotopic
c. biartial

A

b

Connects your atria to someone elses

29
Q

Complete excision of the recipient atria with complete atrioventricular transplantation, bicaval and pulmonary venous anatomoses

a. heterotropic
b. orthotopic
c. biatrial

A

b.
Basically cut your atrias and ventricles off and give you someone elses
Complete transplant

30
Q

Donor and recipient atrial cuffs are sewn together with biatrial anatomoses:

a. biatrial
b. heterotropic
c. orthotopic

A

a

31
Q

The following 2 procedures leave the recipient SA node intact, and denervates the donor SA

a. orthotopic
b. biatrial
c. heterotopic

A

a and b

will see two seprate P waves on ECG

32
Q

Majority of medications following cardiac transplant surgery will be:

a. beta blockers
b. calcium channel blockers
c. anticoagulants
d. immunosuppressive

A

d.

Induction therapy: strong dose of immunosuppressives to reduce rejection

Cardiopulmonary (8 decks)

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