Lecture 2: Nerve Histoogy

Question 1

Give the definition of tissue

Name the 5 different types of tissue

Answer 1

A group or layer of similarly specialised cells together performing specialised functions

1. Epithelia
2. supporting
3. Muscle
4. Nervous
5. Round cells (blood ?)

Question 2

What is epithelia?

Answer 2

• Covers/ lines body surfaces, tubes and cavities
• form active interfaces (secretion, absorption, protection)
• closely adherent via cell junctions
• supported by a basement membrane
• blood vessels do not cross the basement membrane
• single or multi layered

Question 3

What are the epithelial types?

Answer 3

Cuboidal: square, lines ducts, tubules, they excrete, secrete and absorb
Columnar: elongated basal nuclei, highly absorptive (SI, gall bladder, and stomach lining, they may have micro villi to increase surface area
Pseudostratified, ciliated, columnar: have nuclei at different heights, cilia, larger airways, propel mucus along
Stratified squamous: mainly protective

Question 4

What are the types or connective tissues?

Answer 4

Loose connective tissue: eg supports epithelia of gut, skin,
respiratory tract etc
Dense connective tissue:
Other connective tissues: ligaments, tendons, cartilage, bone, fat

Question 5

What are the 3 types of muscle cells?

Answer 5

1. Skeletal: striated, voluntary, strong and fine control
2. Smooth: involuntary, prolonged, low force
3. Cardiac: spontaneous and strong

Question 6

What are round cells?

Answer 6

Meh

Question 7

What are the types of nervous tissue ie cells?

Answer 7

Glial cells: oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependyma

Astrocytes: mechanical support, help repair damage, mediate metabolic exchange between neurones, have antioxidant role, control intercellular environment
Oligodendrocytes: myelinated in CNS, they are the dominant glial cells in the CNS
Microglia: have macrophage activity in the CNS once activated