clinical anatomy of the spine Flashcards

1
Q

vertebral collum

A

contains 33 vertebrae

  • 7 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 5 sacral
  • 4 coccygeal
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2
Q

curves of the spine

A
  • cervical lordosis
  • thoracic kyphosis
  • lumbar lordosis
  • sacral kyphosis
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3
Q

what do all cervical vertebrae have

A

a transverse vertebral foramen which the vertebral artery runs through

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4
Q

C1

A

atlas does not have a vertebral body

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5
Q

C2

A

axis has an odontoid process (dens) which forms the atlanto-axial joint

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6
Q

C7

A

vertebrae prominens and is the first palpable cervical vertebrae

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7
Q

intervertebral discs

A
  • secondary cartilaginous fibrocartilage joint
  • inner nucleus pulposus
  • outer annulus fibrosus
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8
Q

what happens to the intervertebral discs with ageing

A

they loos there water content which can lead to overloading of the facet joints causing osteoarthritis

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9
Q

most common place for osteoarthritis in the spine

A

L4/L5 and L5/S1

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10
Q

spinal cord

A

has 31 bilateral spinal nerves

  • 8 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 5 sacral
  • 1 coccygeal
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11
Q

how do the spinal nerves exit the spinal cord

A

through the intervertebral foramen

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12
Q

SPINAL CORD

A
  • made up of grey matter in the middle and white outer matter
  • contains dorsal and ventral horns
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13
Q

SAME DAVE

A
  • sensory afferent motor efferent

- dorsal afferent ventral efferent

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14
Q

where does the spinal cord begin and end

A

begins at the foramen magnum and ends at the connus medullaris at L1/L2 where it continues as the caudal equina

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15
Q

cauda equina comprises of

A

5 lumbar nerves, 5 sacral nerves and 1 coccygeal nerve

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16
Q

exiting nerve roots

A

are outside the thecae sac and pass under pedicle of corresponding vertebrae

17
Q

transversing nerve root

A

are within the thecae sac and become the exiting nerve root at the next inferior vertebrae

18
Q

which of the nerve roots is most commonly compressed in disc prolapse

A

the transversing nerve root

19
Q

radiculopathy definition

A

mechanical compression of a nerve root

20
Q

muscles of the spine

A
  • iliocostalis
  • longissimus thoracis
  • spinalis thoracis
21
Q

ligaments of the spine

A
  • anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
  • ligamentum flavum
  • interspinal ligament
  • supraspinous ligament
22
Q

chance fracture

A

flexion injury of the spine which fractures all 3 column of the vertebral body and can damage the posterior longitudinal ligaments

23
Q

other name for chance fracture

A

seatbelt fracture