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science- sec 3 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we need a digestive system?

A

Our bodies can’t use the nutrients we eat as they are but must transform them to allow them to do their job.

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2
Q

The role of the digestive system

A

Break down the food into molecules so that they are small enough to be absorbed by the body and to eliminate the undigested food from the body

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3
Q

What two parts make up the digestive system?

A

The digestive tract and the digestive glands

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4
Q

Digestive tract

A

The physical route that the food takes from the beginning to the end of its journey through the human body

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5
Q

Digestive glands

A

Produce chemical secretions that are needed to digest food as it travels along the digestive tract

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6
Q

Components of the digestive tract

A 
Mouth 
Pharynx 
Esophagus 
Stomach 
Small intestine 
Large intestine
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7
Q

Components of the digestive glands

A 
Sal vary glands 
Gastric glands 
Liver 
Pancreas 
Intestinal glands
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8
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system

A

Ingestion of food
Digestion of food
Absorption of food
Elimination of fecal matter

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9
Q

What is ingestion?

A

The action of introducing food or liquid into the digestive system

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10
Q

What 2 mechanism allow the progression of the food in the digestive system?

A

Deglutition and peristalsis

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11
Q

What is deglutition?

A

Swallowing the food

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12
Q

Peristalsis

A

Series of involuntary wave like muscle contacterions which move along the digestive tract

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13
Q

What happens when we swallow?

A

The epiglottis closes the trachea and the uvula moves backwards to close off the nasal cavity. Food can then travel to the esophagus without getting into the respiratory tract.

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14
Q

What is digestion?

A

The transformation of complex molecules into simpler molecules called nutrients that can be used by the body

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15
Q

What are the two types of transformations?

A

Mechanical and chemical

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16
Q

Mechanical transformation

A

Consists of physically breaking down food into smaller substances in preparation for subsequent chemical transformation

Involves chewing and churning

17
Q

Chewing

A

Process of crushing and grinding food

18
Q

Churning

A

Produced by muscle contractions, which mix food from secretions from the digestive glands. Takes place primarily in the stomach and small intestine

19
Q

Chemical transformation

A

Break down complex molecules of food into simpler molecules. The facilitate absorption and subsequent use by the body

20
Q

Protein molecule

A

Amino acids

21
Q

Starch molecules

A

Glucose

22
Q

Fat molecule

A

Fatty acids

23
Q

Digestion ends at….

A

It ends at the small intestine when nutrients have been broken down to their molecular components and now pass through the lining of digestive tract and can be used by the body

24
Q

What is absorption?

A

The passage of nutrients from the digestive tract to the blood or lymph

25
Q

Where does most food absorption take place?

A

Small intestine

26
Q

What are villi

A

Folds in the small intestine. They increase the surface are through which nutrients can be absorbed. They have blood and lymphatic vessels that the nutrients use to get into the rest of the body

27
Q

What nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine?

A 
Glucose 
Amino acid
Fatty avid 
Glycerol and water (minute amounts) 
Vitamins (minute amounts) 
Minerals (minute amounts)
28
Q

Elimination

A

Digestive residue then enters the large intestine contains very little nutrients
Arrives in the large intestine in liquid form
Water is slowly absorbed
Residue that reaches the rectum is usually solid has a little water left
From the rectum the feces is expelled through the anus

29
Q

The oral cavity

A

Where mechanical and chemical digestion foods begin. Breaks down starch with saliva

30
Q

Stomach

A

Primary role of the stomach is food storage. Allows to store large amounts of food because it stretches

31
Q

Small intestine

A

Most of the digestion and absorption takes place there.

32
Q

Large intestine

A

Divided into several section (cecum, colon, appendix, and rectum terminating in the anus)

33
Q

Salivary glands

A

Secrete between 1 and 1.5L of saliva a day. Proteins and enzymes are found in saliva.

34
Q

Saliva

A

Acts as a lubricant for mouth and food bolus. It limits the scratches in the oral cavity. It also contains antibacterial agents which limit the introduction of bacteria into the digestive tract

35
Q

Gastric glands

A

Scattered throughout the internal surface of the stomach

36
Q

Intestinal glands

A

Located at the bottom of the villi. There are about 50 million of these glands and they can secrete up to 2 L of intestinal juice in the small intestine

37
Q

Liver

A

Role is mainly secretion of bile. Stored in the gallbladder

38
Q

Pancreas

A

Secretes between 1.2 L in 1.5 L of pancreatic juice. Is mainly responsible for the secretion of two hormones: insulin and glucagon. These hormones are responsible for regulating the level of glucose in the blood

science- sec 3 (7 decks)

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