Lecture 12 Flashcards
What is canine infectious respiratory disease?
Aka kennel cough, infectious tracheobronchitis
LOTS of things cause this (not just Bordetella)
It is thought that most dogs that become clinical have multiple agents
Clinical signs of CIRD
Sudden onset of severe cough that is easily induced by palpation
Gagging, retching, nasal discharge
No signs of systemic illness usually; exception= distemper and flu
Recent exposure in history
How to diagnose CIRD
Based on history and clinical signs
Can do PCR or culture if need definitive diagnoses (might want to do this for highly infectious agents like flu)
How to treat CIRD
Typically self limiting
Let it run it’s course
May do antibiotics if bacterial infection
May or may not prescribe cough suppressants (want them to cough to get infectious agents out of trachea)
What is the prognosis of CIRD
Generally really good unless unvaccinated dog gets distemper/adenovirus
What is laryngeal paralysis
Failure of arytenoid cartilage to abduct during inspiration
Who does laryngeal paralysis affect?
What are clinical signs?
Older large breed dogs
Respiratory distress (inspiratory), stridor, bark change, cyanosis, exercise intolerance, syncope
What can exacerbate signs of laryngeal paralysis
Increased respiratory effort like excitement, exercise, high temperatures
What secondary complications can you get from laryngeal paralysis
Edema and inflammation which further narrows the glottis
Why does laryngeal paralysis occur
Most commonly idiopathic that is part of generalized polyneuropathy
If it’s a specific cause, could be any sort of trauma from esophagus to level of the heart
What is commonly associated with laryngeal paralysis
Hypothyroidism, hypoadrenocorticism, myasthenia gravis, trauma, tumors, specific polyneuropathies and myopathies
How to diagnose laryngeal paralysis
Laryngoscopy
- need to sedate but not too much otherwise they will stop breathing deeply and you can’t see
- *can give doxapram to cause deep breathing while sedate
How to treat laryngeal paralysis
Emergency airway management- make them breathe less hard short term
Address underlying disease (but laryngeal function may not return)
Address anything that causes them to breathe harder (obesity, environmental factors, anxiety)
Surgical intervention- unilateral arytenoid lateralization
Laryngeal paralysis prognosis
Depends in part on underlying cause and whether there are complications
Good with surgical correction, but there is a risk of aspiration pneumonia
What is collapsing trachea?
Dynamic narrowing of tracheal lumen
Can be intra or extra thoracic or even both
Flattening of cartilaginous rings and/or redundancy of dorsal tracheal membrane
