LAB 8

Question 1

Describe alternation of generations

Answer 1

• a reproductive cycle in which the gametophyte (n) produces gametes that fuse into pairs to form a zygote , then germinate, producing a sporophyte (2n)
• spores produced by meiotic division from the sporophyte then give rise to new gametophytes

Question 2

Costa

Answer 2

the apparent “midrib” of a moss leaf

Question 3

Dioicous

Answer 3

-plants (mostly bryophytes) with gametophytes that produce only sperm or only eggs, NEVER BOTH, so that gametes are exactly identical to the parent

Question 4

Gametophyte

Answer 4

-the haploid gamete-producing generation or phase in plants whose life cycle includes alternation of generations

Question 5

Gemma Cup

Answer 5

cup-like structure producing gammae

Question 6

Glemma

Answer 6

• Plural of gemma
• an outgrowth of the thallus that serves as a asexual propagule in some liverworts, mosses, and club mosses
• can develop into new plant

Question 7

Herbaceous

Answer 7

non-woody

Question 8

Monoicous

Answer 8

-plants (mostly bryophytes) with gametophytes that produce both sperm and egg on the same gametophyte by mitosis so that the gametes are genetically identical to the parent

Question 9

Poikilohydric

Answer 9

the external environment controls the state of hydration

Question 10

Protonema

Answer 10

• an algal-like filamentous growth that is the earliest stage of a bryophyte life cycle formed after spore germination
• usually gives rise to the leafy gametophyte

Question 11

Ramet

Answer 11

an individual in a population of genetically identical individuals

Question 12

Rhizoids

Answer 12

• root-like structures in liverworts and mosses and some vascular plants
• occur in free living gametophytes
• assist in uptake via capillary action and help to anchor organism

Question 13

Sporophyte

Answer 13

-the spore-producing, diploid phase in a life cycle, characterized by alternation of generations

Question 14

Thallus

Answer 14

• plant body without differentiation into roots, stems, or leaves
• term distinguished fungi and algae when they were considered to be plants

Question 15

Tracheophytes

Answer 15

a vascular plant

Question 16

Vascular

Answer 16

tissues or regions in a plant consisting of conducting tissue

Question 17

Xeric

Answer 17

very dry, referring to habitat

Question 18

How many different species of bryophytes

Answer 18

25,000

Question 19

Bryophytes are the oldest living ____ _______ and don’t have ____ ____

Answer 19

• land plants

- vascular tissue

Question 20

Bryophytes are small _____ _____, that grow:

Answer 20

• herbaceous plants

- closely together forming mats or cushions

Question 21

Bryophytes are posses unique ____ _____ which allows them to tolerate:

Answer 21

• poikliohydric physiology

- stressful, xeric environments

Question 22

Any moss NOT in the class of Bryopsida will:

Answer 22

-always exhibit an acrocarpous growth form

Question 23

Which life form does not fit neatly in either Acrocarps or Pleurocarps

Answer 23

Dendroid

Question 24

The same moss may exhibit many _________ but will not exhibit more than one _______

Answer 24

• life form

- growth form

Question 25

Turf

Answer 25

stems are erect, parallel, and close together

these mosses often cover extensive areas

Question 26

Gametophyte a short, to nonexistent shoot that withers after a sporophyte production, shoots spread loosely across an area, often with a persistent protonema, or algal like film

Answer 26

Open turf

Question 27

Found on open mineral soils and rocks, form spreading turfs for only a few years, persist by regenerative shoots

Answer 27

Short turf

Question 28

found on the forest floor in temperate zones, can conduct water internally, press by regenerative shoots

Answer 28

Tall turf

Question 29

stems more or less erect, tightly clustered and somewhat radiating at the edges; grow on rocks and bark, usually found in high light, grow upward and sideways, persistent for many years

Answer 29

Cushion

Question 30

densely woven horizontal growth form; grows on rocks and bark, persistent for a number of years

Answer 30

Mat

Question 31

Loosely interwoven, often ascending growth form; found on the forest floor in temperate zones; loose habitat makes these easy to remove from the substrate

Answer 31

Weft

Question 32

Tree-like, main stem with tuft of branches at the top and with a distinct trunk-like stalk, often found on moist ground

Answer 32

Dendroid

Question 33

What 4 types of mosses were studied

Answer 33

• Sphagnopsida
• Andreaeopsida
• Polytrichopsida
• Bryopsida

Question 34

Sphagnopsida contains the _______ which are the _____

Answer 34

• Sphagnales
• Peat mosses
• leaves are composed of a network of dead and living cells
• Distributed primarily in wetlands

Question 35

Andreaeopsida are:

Answer 35

• rock or granite moss

- habitat restricted to rocks

Question 36

Polytrichopsida contains ______ and are:

Answer 36

• Polytrichales
• larger than other mosses
• Thickened central stem
• Leaves have a midrib that bears lamellae on upper surface

Question 37

Bryopsida are the ______ and are

Answer 37

• true mosses
• represent 95% of diversity in mosses
• peristome is encircled by ring of teeth and serves as synapomorphy for the group

Question 38

Liverworts have potential as _____

Answer 38

-pharmaceuticals

Question 39

Why are liverworts important

Answer 39

• contributions to erosion reduction along steam banks
• collection and retention of water
• contribution to formation of soil crusts