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software quality > Good Production Code > Flashcards

Good Production Code Flashcards

1
Q

What does SOLID stand for?

A
  1. Single Responsability
  2. Open Closed
  3. Liskov’s Substitution
  4. Interface
  5. Segregation
  6. Dependency Inversion
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2
Q

What is the Single Responsibility Principle?

A

There should NEVER be more than ONE reason for a class to change → ONE JOB

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3
Q

What are (3) indicators for the Single Responsibility Principle?

A
  1. Many public functions
  2. Unrelated functions
  3. Various class clients
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4
Q

What is a class client?

A

A class using another class’s public funtions

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5
Q

How to follow the Single Responsibility Principle?

A

Division into multiple simple classes with…

  1. composition
  2. aggregation
  3. dependency
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6
Q

What is the Open Closed Principle?

A

Classes should be open for extension but closed for modification.

→ Never modify a class in order to handle a new one

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7
Q

What are (2) indicators for the Open Closed Principle?

A
  1. Modification needed to handle a new class

3. Switch-Case to check object type

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8
Q

How to follow the Open Closed Principle?

A
  1. (Abstract classes)

2. Interfaces

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9
Q

When is it okay to use switch-case?

A

In a Factory Pattern to ask “Who do you wanna be?”

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10
Q

Explain the Dependency Inversion Principle

A

Never depend on (call) a concrete class! Always depend on your own abstractions.

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11
Q

What are (2) indicators for the Dependency Inversion Principle?

A
  1. Dependency on concrete classes

2. Long chain of dependencies (coupling)

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12
Q

How to follow the Dependency Inversion Princliple?

A
  1. Dependency upon high level abstractions with low level implementation
  2. Interfaces as Boundaries between layers
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13
Q

What patterns use the Dependency Inversion Principle?

A
  1. Adapter
  2. Template
  3. Strategy
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14
Q

Explain the adapter pattern

A

Integration (use) of any class without your own Interface and without modifying the target class

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15
Q

Explain the template pattern

A

Seperation of algorithm and its implementations with inheritance

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16
Q

Explain the strategy pattern

A

Algorithm and Implementation depend on Abstraction (Interface and Composition)

17
Q

Was is the Interface Segregation Principle?

A

Don’t force clients to depend upon interfaces they do not use.

→ No fat interfaces!

18
Q

What is a client interface?

A

Public Function

→ Service proposed to other classes

19
Q

What are (3) indicators for unterface segregation?

A
  • Fat interface
  • High coupling
  • Complex classes
20
Q

What is a fat interface?

A

One that has many public functions

21
Q

How to follow interface segregation?

A

Split up interfaces so they are…

  1. Thin
  2. Client-specific
  3. Independent
22
Q

What general problem is described by abstraction inconsistency?

A

Bad functions and classes are everywhere!

→ abstraction naming and behaviour are inconsistent

23
Q

What (3) can you do to avoid abstraction inconsistency?

A
  1. never assume behaviour but test it and read the doc
  2. Principle of Least Astonishment for naming and method signatures
  3. abstraction hierarchy → one level of abstraction per class/function
24
Q

Explain Liskov’s Substitution Principle in your own words!

A

A child class should have the same public behaviour as it’s parent. Thus it should be able to replace it at any time.

25
Q

What happens when you don’t follow Liskov’s Substitution Principle?

A
  1. Rigid and fragile system
  2. Open-Closed Principle violated (switch-case needed)
  3. Silent bugs
26
Q

What is the public behaviour of an object?

A

What it’s doing → Behaviour that it’s clients depend on

27
Q

What is the private behaviour of an object?

A

How it works

28
Q

What are pre/post conditions?

A

State of an object before/after a function call

  1. Must be true to execute
  2. Will be true after execution
29
Q

What is a silent bug?

A

One that is not visible during runtime (no crash)

30
Q

What is the newspaper metaphor?

A

Classes should be structured from abstraction to detail

31
Q

What is the state of an object?

A

Value of it’s variables at a certain time

32
Q

What are the advantages of “assert” over “throw new exception”? When do you use it in terms of Liskov’s Substitution Principle?

A

You can disable “assert” to improve runtime

Used before and after function computation to test pre/post conditions

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