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Natural Products > Antioxidants > Flashcards

Antioxidants Flashcards

1
Q

what are reactive oxygen species

A

highly reactive molecules due to presence of unpaired valance shell electrons
roles in cell signalling
diet rich in antioxidants very important

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2
Q

what foods gives antioxidants

A

fruit and veges

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3
Q

6 examples of antioxidants

A 
vit c
vit E
beta carotene
grapeseed
pycnogenol
green tea
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4
Q

whats the compendial applications

A

directorate assembled monographs of common ingredients

if NHP ingredient in monograph can quickly be approved

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5
Q

non compendial traditional application

A

traditionally used - used for over 50 years
nothing about if its effective
just reference a book or 3 experts

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6
Q

non compendial non traditional application

A

conduct a trial

take monographs from all components in a combo and have no idea how they might interact or if its safe

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7
Q

NNHPD vit c uses

A 
metaboliz fat and protein 
develop maintain bone, cartlage, teeth, gums
connective tissue formation 
wound healing 
antioxidant
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8
Q

natural medicine database based on scientific evidence, what 3 componenets

A

safety - weighted more heavily
effectiveness
product quality

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9
Q

effective

likely effective

A

evidence supports efficacy

appropriate to recommend

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10
Q

possibly effective

possible ineffective

A

evidence inconclusive

not enough evidence to advise or avoid

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11
Q

likely ineffective

ineffective

A

advise to avoid

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12
Q

what is vit c effective for

A

scurvy

cold prevention in extreme environments

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13
Q

is vit c effective for common cold

A

not good for prevention may decrease duration by one day..

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14
Q

why is dosing of vit c increased during lactation

A

vit c in breast milk may reduce the risk of developing childhood allergies

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15
Q

sources of vitamin e

A

vege oil
nut
green leafy veges

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16
Q

common name vit e

A

tocopherol

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17
Q

NNHPD use vit e

A

antioxidant

prevent vit e deficiency

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18
Q

drug interactions for vit e

A

anticoagulant/platelet
chemo
statins/niacin - rise in HDL

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19
Q

vit e not authorized for sale for what in canada

A

preventing any disease

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20
Q

vit e dosing considerations

A

40IU/day considered normal, safe in health people up to 1500 buttttt
advise non healthy patients not to take doses of 400IU/day or more

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21
Q

vit e supplementation increases risk of what

A

risk of cancer, cardiac events, mortality

esp in high risk patients

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22
Q

sources of beta carotene

A

deep orange or yellow fruit/veges

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23
Q

beta carotene is a source of what

A

vit a and provitamin a

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24
Q

beta carotene use

A

maintain eyesight, skin, membranes, immune function
night vision
maintain and develop bones and teeth

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25
Q

beta carotene and smokers

A

at higher risk for lung and prostate cancer, intracerebral cancer, hemorrhage, CV and total mortality
consult a HCP prior to use if your tobacco smoker

26
Q

beta carotene supplement and cancer

A

increased incidence of lung cancer and mortality in patients who were smokers or at risk of lung cancer

27
Q

beta carotene dosing consideration how dose it compare to fruit and veges

A

generally need 1800ug per day of vit a and 5 servings provides 6mg so no need for supplements

28
Q

beta carotene pregnancy risk

A

C

29
Q

food antioxidants superior to supplements name some reasons why

A

dose difference
chemical composition
limited understanding of free radical biology
brevity of supplementation in the face of a disease that develops over decades
disease specificity
beneficial effects could also be due to the other benefits of a diet high in veges and fruit

30
Q

what is the french paradox

A

french smoked drank and ate bad food but had a lower incidence of CV disease
may be becuase the consumption of red wine is higher

31
Q

active components of grape seed

A

oligomeric proanthocyanidins
flavonoids
pyconogenol

32
Q

grape seed use

A

source of antioxidants

relieve symptoms related to noncomplicated chronic venous insufficiency - swelling, heaviness, tingling

33
Q

evidence for grape seed

A

possible effective in chronic venous insufficiency

34
Q

active components in pycnogenol

A

oligomeric proanthocyanidins

flavonoids

35
Q

uses of pycnogenol

A

antioxidant

treatment of chronic venous insufficiency

36
Q

evidence for pycnogenol

A

possible effective chronic venous insufficiency

37
Q

risk info for pycnogenol

A

consult HCP prior to use if you have multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus, erythmatosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other autoimmune disorders
pycnogenol has immunomodulating effects

38
Q

which is better for chronic venous insufficiency

A

level a = grapeseed so strong positive evidence

level b = pycnogenol so just positive evidence

39
Q

active components of green tea

A

caffiene

catechin polyphenols

40
Q

green tea uses

A

antioxidant

used with a program of reduced intake of dietary calories and increased physical activity to help in weight management

41
Q

evidence for green tea

A

insufficient

42
Q

risk info for green tea

A

caffiene causes insomnia, diuresis
allergic reaction to caffiene or tannins
hepatotoxicity with extract
lead contamination

43
Q

green tea in pregnancy

A

large doses of caffiene associated with apontaneous abortions, intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight
antifolat actions

44
Q

define immunomodulator

A

substance used for its effect on the IS

45
Q

echinacea active components

A

unknown

46
Q

echinacea use

A

traditionally used to relieve symptoms of URTI and sore throat
relieve symptoms and shorten duration of URTI

47
Q

echinacea MOA

A

increase macrophage proliferation, phagocytosis, cytolkine excretion
activation of tcell and natural killer cells

48
Q

echinacea evidence

A

possibly effective URTI treatment

49
Q

risk info for echinacea

A

allergies and cross sensitivity to asteraceae/compositae familites (ragweed, dasie)
anaphylaxis
immunosuppresants
caution children not good at identifying when cold is coming on

50
Q

when to take echinacea

A

prevention - pretreat 7-10 days prior to intentional infection, tolerance in 8 weeks
usually taken at the first sign of a cold for 7-14 days

51
Q

preferred prep for echinacea

A

above ground preparations
e.purpurea
only traditional claims for e.angustifolia

52
Q

active component in ginseng

A

ginsenosides

53
Q

uses of panax quinquefolius

A 
traditional chinese medicine 
supportive therapy for promotion of healthy glucose levels 
relieve nervousness
help with digestion 
healthy immune system
54
Q

uses of panax ginseng

A

promotion of healthy glucose levels
traditional chinese medicine
support cognitive function and reduce mental fatigue
enhance physical capability

55
Q

what might ginseng possibly be effective for

A

cognitive function

influenza

56
Q

risk info for ginseng

A

antidepressents - has caused manic episodes
taking blood thinners or digoxin - alters effectiveness
diabetes
dont use in cases of yin deficiency with heat signs or in the absence of significant qi deficiency

57
Q

what is cold fx

A

nonginsenoside extract

58
Q

use for cold fx

A

helps reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of cold and flu symptoms by boosting the immune system

59
Q

cold fx MOA

A

large plysaccharides remain in the gi tract

bind to macrophages, stimulat cytokines which further activate macrophages, tcell, and nk cells

60
Q

what might cold fx possibly be effective for

A

3-4 month treatment, modest reduction in risk, severity and duration
maybe help with repeat colds
doesnt prelude vaccine

61
Q

what is in oil of oregano

A

just buying vitamin a all the benefits come from vitA

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