molecules of gastrulation

Question 1

beta catenin degradation complex

Answer 1

APC/ axin/ Gsk/ Beta catenin

Question 2

goosecoid

Answer 2

organizer mrg

Question 3

siamois protein

Answer 3

protein expressed in the organizer and ventral endoderm, product of beta catenin acting as a transcription factor

Question 4

brachyary

Answer 4

mesoderm mrg

Question 5

BMP inhibitors

Answer 5

follistatin, chordin, noggin

[fochn (pronounched fuckin)]

Question 6

Wnt inhibitors

Answer 6

dickhoppf, cerberus, frizzb

[she is a dick hoppin, cerebral frizzy bish]

Question 7

organizer

Answer 7

pharygengeal endoderm, head mesoderm, notochord

Question 8

structures lost without organizer

Answer 8

1) no neural tube (because induced by notochord) –> ectoderm
2) no somites :dermis, skeletal muscle, cartilage, tendons, and vertebrae–> mesoderm
3) no foregut or pharyngeal endoderm–>endoderm

Question 9

apical side

Answer 9

luminal side (inside of organ)

Question 10

basal lamina

Answer 10

ECM side (body)

Question 11

Anterior Archenteron

Answer 11

Head [ Wnt inhibitors + BMP inhibitors]

Question 12

Posterior Archenteron

Answer 12

Tail[ Wnt + BMP inhibitors]

Question 13

nodal protein

Answer 13

secreted by endotherm, induces the mesoderm

Question 14

Neural Crest

Answer 14

mesenchyme cell

Question 15

kinesin

Answer 15

motor molecule of microtubules

Question 16

cortical rotation

Answer 16

organizing center formed at sperm entry point (-), growing end (+) is where dsh is moved to the dorsal region by kinesin

Question 17

maternally expressed proteins

Answer 17

Dsh, VegT, Vg1, B-catenin (transcripts already ladi down in the oocyte)

Question 18

organizer proteins

Answer 18

bmp inhibitors, wnt inhibitors, siamois, goosecoid, brachyury

Question 19

nieuwkoop center proteins

Answer 19

siamois, nodal