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Operative: lecture > Dental Materials > Flashcards

Dental Materials Flashcards

1
Q

Particles are made by thin cuts of alloy that are machine cut from a cast

A

Lathe-cut

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2
Q

Particles are made by molten alloy blown through a nozzle

A

Spherical

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3
Q

Particles are wetted with a lower mercury to allow ratio

A

Spherical particles

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4
Q

which of the particles resist forces of condensation more

A

lathe-cut

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5
Q

Alloy component that has a low creep value

A

Copper

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6
Q

Alloy component that makes for a long last restoration

A

Copper

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7
Q

amalgam alloy that doesn’t create concern about moister contamination

A

Zinc-free

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8
Q

A slower setting type for amalgam is related to

A

Higher mercury

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9
Q

how is the heat treatment of amalgam done?

A

by the manufacture

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10
Q

relieves stress in the alloy particles

A

Heat treatment

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11
Q

Provide manufacture control of setting time

A

heat treatment

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12
Q

eliminates the compositional nonuniformities that exists in both types of particles

A

heat treatment

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13
Q

when is there no free mercury found?

A

after setting

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14
Q

what phase is the high-copper amalgam reaction missing?

A

Gamma 2

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15
Q

What is the common phase of high-copper and low-copper amalgam?

A

Gamma 1

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16
Q

Has a slower setting reaction because of the two sets process

A

High-Copper

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17
Q

setting reaction disappearance of gamma 2 phase and formation of n’ phase?

A

High-copper

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18
Q

Technique used for using amalgam

A

No-touch

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19
Q

skin contact, inhalation of vapor, airborne droplets

A

mercury exposure

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20
Q

set by US government to limit mercury exposure during the work week a@ 40 hr/week at 0.05 mg Hg/m3

A

Threshold limit value (TLV)

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21
Q

any alloy made of Hg with a silverGtin alloy with varying amounts of copper and small amounts of zinc

A

Dental Amalgams

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22
Q

Clinical benefits include long lasting restorations with a low creep value

A

High Copper amalgam

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23
Q

Amalgam alloy that is more resistant to corrosion

A

High copper

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24
Q

Results in a less plastic amalgam

A

Zn containing

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25
Q

Not economically feasible for manufacturer to eliminate what from amalgam

A

Zn

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26
Q

Makes lathe cut particles more brittle for machining

A

Zn

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27
Q

Improves amalgams resistance to corrosion

A

Zn

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28
Q

Mercury to alloy ratio

A

~ 0.05

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29
Q

silver –> Hg phase

A

Gamma 1

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30
Q

Tin –> Hg phase

A

Gamma 2

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31
Q

what us the major reaction phase in both low and high copper amalgams

A

Gamma 1

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32
Q

In what step of a high copper rxn does the gamma Gamma 2 phase not appear because is it replaced by n’

A

Second step

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33
Q

Why does high-copper have a slower setting rxn

A

two step process

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34
Q

When is the total delusional change to be complete for amalgam ( cannot detect change by explore or eye)

A

24hrs

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35
Q

Total dimensional change after 24 hr is limited by

A

ADA STD #1

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36
Q

Most modern amalgams undergo an overall _______ of setting mass

A

contraction

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37
Q

loss of anatomy and postoperative pain are possible problem with amalgam that exhibits

A

setting expansion

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38
Q

excessive setting contraction of amalgam can cause

A

mircoleakage

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39
Q

Incompletely consumed starting allow particle (gamma)

A

Strongest phase

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40
Q

Gamma 2 in lowGcopper amalgams (most corrosion prone)

A

Weakest phase

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41
Q

Amalgam is (brittle/ductile) under normal rates of loading

A

Brittle

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42
Q

Is the compressive or tensile strength of amalgam greater

A

Compressive

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43
Q

Amalgam needs proper dentinal support to resist forces of

A

Mastication

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44
Q

Fracture of ledge on poorly finished restoration readily occurs due to amalgams

A

poor edge strength

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45
Q

Fractures from amalgam being is caused by what

A

low tensile strength

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46
Q

What ratio for compressive strength divided by tensile strength is indicative of brittle material

A

High

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47
Q

The deformation that occurs as a result of constant force (load)

A

Creep

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48
Q

The only mechanical property correlated with clinical marginal fracture of low copper amalgam restorations

A

Creep

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49
Q

Which amalgam has a lowest creep value

A

High-copper

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50
Q

Boundary sliding of gamma 1 phase

A

Creep Mechanism

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51
Q

What is blocked by n’ in high copper amalgam

A

Gamma 1

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52
Q

Margin-sealing capability that decreases microleakage with time is n advantage of

A

creep

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53
Q

corrosion protects of amalgam are advantageous for

A

Margin-sealing

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54
Q

Amalgam is relatively inexpensive than

A

Gold alloy

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55
Q

Amalgam corrosion at interproximal contacts with gold alloy restorations

A

Galvanic corrosion

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56
Q

Amalgam corrosion that occurs beach of multiple phases

A

Electrochemical corrosion

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57
Q

Amalgam corrosion at margins

A

Crevice corrosion

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58
Q

lower pH and oxygen concentration of

saliva cause corrosion at

A

unpolished or secondary amalgam

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59
Q

Amalgam corrosion caused by low oxygen concentration due to

A

plaque build-up

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60
Q

Amalgam corrosion from reaction with sulfide ions at occlusal surface

A

Chemical corrosion

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61
Q

Cu6Sn5

A

n’

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62
Q

Minimizes amalgam corrosion

A

polishing

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63
Q

Scratches and pits trap debris, enhancing corrosion because

A

Low oxygen in areas

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64
Q

Clinical trials suggest hat _____ amalgam restorations have superior marginal integrity and longevity

A

Zn containing

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65
Q

EPA has set strict guidelines for

A

disposal of amalgam

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66
Q

Easy to please but has poor esthetic qualities

A

Amalgam

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67
Q

Good esthetic but is more difficult to place

A

Ceramics

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68
Q

flow into pits and fissures of tooth surface to prevent decay

A

Sealants

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69
Q

Often etching is recommended to prepare enamel before placing

A

Sealants

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70
Q

For sealants there needs to be Balance between ___ and ________

A

flow, sealing capability

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71
Q

Sealants are chemically the same as composites but there is no

A

Filler

72
Q

What helps sealants flow into the pits and fissures more easily

A

Low viscosity

73
Q

At surface of composites or thin materials like sealants, unpolymerized material must be removed

A

oxygen inhibition layer

74
Q

What interferes with radical polymerizations - inhibits polymerization of methacrylates

A

oxygen

75
Q

What is more problematic for thin layers like sealants

A

oxygen inhibition layer

76
Q

Beneficial to make it possible to build up light curable composite in layers

A

oxygen inhibition layer

77
Q

what needs t be done before a new layer is added?

A

curing

78
Q

Used to make negative mold of dental structures

A

Impression material

79
Q

What is starting to take the place of impression material

A

scanning for digital models

80
Q

Irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) are

A

water based

81
Q

Hydrophobic, synthetic impression materials

A

Viscoelastic

82
Q

Polysulfides, siloxane, polyethers

A

Viscoelastic

83
Q

Used to make the cast from the impression

A

Gypsum

84
Q 
Low cost 
Long shelf life  
Biocompatibility 
Pleasant to patient Dimensionally stable 
Good handling properties
A

Ideal properties of impression material

85
Q

Irreversible hydrocolloid impression material

A

Alginate

86
Q

Used to make dental impressions for removable partial dentures, preliminary impressions for complete dentures, orthodontic models and study models

A

Alginate

87
Q

Alginate is not used for crown and bridge impressions due to lack of

A

accuracy

88
Q

water based materials for what in water

A

Sol

89
Q

Resembles a solution, but is made up of colloidal particles dispersed in a liquid

A

Sol

90
Q

Water based material that forms a sol

A

Alginate

91
Q

What type cross-linking is formed with alginate

A

Calcium

92
Q

Ties two chains together in a network of polymer chains

A

Calcium cross linking

93
Q

sol —> gel transformation

A

Setting rxn

94
Q

How is alginate cured

A

mixing water with powder

95
Q

water dissolved Ca ions that _____ alginate molecules

A

cross link

96
Q

What can effect the properties of alginate

A

water temp

water ratio

97
Q

chemically alginate is

A

irreversible

98
Q

Single poor only
quick pouring required
Limited detail reproduction
Low tear resistance

A

Disadvantages of alginate

99
Q 
Economical 
Easy to use 
Quick setting 
Fair taste
Hydrophilic
Stock trays
Can displace blood and saliva
A

Advantages of alginate

100
Q

Property of alginate that is effected why the amount of water int he environment

A

Dimensional stability

101
Q

Loss of water to surroundings

A

Synersis

102
Q

Gain of water from environment

A

Imbibition

103
Q

Alginate impressions should be stored in a humid environment and poured quickly for

A

Least dimensional change & avoid distortion

104
Q

Inherently hydrophobic materials

A

Polysiloxanes

105
Q

addition type can be made hydrophilic

A

Polysiloxanes

106
Q

Hydrophobic but chemically and dimensionally stable

A

Polysiloxanes

107
Q

Can be added to Polysiloxanes to increase hydrophilic properties

A

surfactant

108
Q

Polysiloxanes can be made more hydrophilic by the chemical incorporation of hydrophilic moieties into the

A

silicone backbone

109
Q

Crosslinked of Polysiloxanes is done by

A

hydrosilation reaction

110
Q

Polysiloxanes has ____ dimensional stability

A

Good

111
Q

More stable than alginates or polysulfides

A

Polysiloxanes

112
Q

What is used to improve detail registration and detail transfer for polysiloxanes

A

surfactant

113
Q

surfactant makes Polysiloxanes more

A

Hydrophilic

114
Q

Other than surfactant what can be used to improve Polysiloxanes’ detail registration

A

Polyethers

115
Q

Hydrophobic, but more hydrophilic on a hydrophobic scale than polysiloxanes

A

Polyethers

116
Q

an additive that has a bad taste

A

Polyethers

117
Q

fast setting slightly hydrophilic material

A

Polyethers

118
Q

Dehydrate form of calcium sulfate found in a compact mass in nature

A

Gypsum

119
Q

Dental gypsum products are manufactured by removing the water from what

A

calcium sulfate dehydrate

120
Q

driving off part of the water of calcium sulfate dehydrate

A

calincation

121
Q

a straightforward and reversible reaction

A

calincation

122
Q

How is gypsum cured

A

water

123
Q

calcium sulfate hemihydrate

A

stone powder

124
Q

When calcium sulfate hemihydrate is added to water the hemihydrate is converted back to

A

dehydrate

125
Q

What type of rxn takes place when the stone powder is added to water

A

reverse

126
Q

what type of rxn is the conversion of calcium sulfate hemihydrate to dehydrate

A

exothermic rxn

127
Q

Contributes to strength and dimensional change of gypsum

A

interlocking

128
Q

Dental stone Requires less water, and are approx.. 2.5x stronger than

A

plaster

129
Q

materials that are temporary and need to be removed

A

Provisional

130
Q

Materials has dimethacrylates that crosslink the material

A

Denture base

131
Q

Denture base needs to

A

last a long time

132
Q

Denture base materials has

A

fillers

133
Q

Denture base custom tray material

A

TRIAD and VLC

134
Q

Visible light cured

A

VLC

135
Q

Provisional materials are normally cured . .

A

chemically

136
Q

A thermoplastic material that is designed to absorb impact

A

Mouthguard materials

137
Q

Ways mouthguard materials can be processed?

A

Melted or pressure

138
Q

Mouthguard materials has a ___ softening point

A

Low

139
Q

Mouthguard materials is thermally processed with

A

hot water

140
Q

Mouthguard materials is formed by

A

vacuum and dye

141
Q

Copolymer or thermoplastic polymer

A

Mouthguard materials

142
Q

Used to bind restorations of appliances to tooth structure

A

Cements

143
Q

Glass ionomers

Resin modified glass ionomers Zinc phosphates Zinc polyacrylate

A

Water based cements

144
Q

Composites

Compomers

A

Resin based cements

145
Q

Zinc oxide eugenol

A

Oil based cements

146
Q

Low viscosity but good mechanical properties and 25 um thickness are

A

Requirements for cements

147
Q

More filler in Glass ionomer makes it have

A

more viscosity

148
Q

A ratio of Powder to liquid in glass ionomer increase the working time

A

Low

149
Q

For glass ionomers, it is the powder to liquid ratio P:L

A

2.7:1

150
Q

Typically one component systems

A

Resin Cements

151
Q

Viscosity and strength controlled by filer loading

A

Resin Cements

152
Q

Used for ortho, ceramic crowns and bridges, veneers, inlays and onlays

A

Resin Cements

153
Q

Increased filler increases or decreases viscosity

A

increases

154
Q

How are glass ionomers cured

A

acid-base rxn

155
Q

What does glass ionomer release

A

fluoride

156
Q

adheres to the tooth structure well

A

glass ionomer

157
Q

Glass ionomer has proven better retention than

A

composite

158
Q

Is glass ionomer dimensionally stable

A

yes

159
Q 
Slow setting 
Early dissolution 
Optical properties  
Stain resistance 
Poor physical properties
A

disadvantages of glass Ionomer

160
Q

Used to protect the pulp and minimize sensitivity

A

Bases and liners

161
Q

Act as thermal and chemical barriers to the pulp

A

Bases and liners

162
Q

Controls inflammation of pulp and movement of fluids

A

Bases and liners

163
Q

relatively thin layer of material usedto protect dentin from residual reactants that diffuse out of the restoration or oral fluids that may penetrate leaky restoration interface

A

Liner

164
Q

are used to provide thermal protection for the pulp and to supplement mechanical support for the restoration by distributing local stresses from the restoration across the underlying dentin surface during amalgam condensation (or cementation of indirect restorations)

A

Bases

165
Q

Must have great mechanical properties bur viscosity is not as important

A

Bases

166
Q

Is placed in a. thin layer so maters must have a low viscosity

A

Liner

167
Q

Used for pulp caping with near or direct exposure

A

Calcium Hydroxide

168
Q

Calcium Hydroxide is a

A

liner

169
Q

odontoblasts will lay down what after pulp caping

A

defensive/ reparative dentin

170
Q

Pain reduction=sedative restoration

A

ZOE

171
Q

Intermediate restorative material

A

Reinforced ZOE

172
Q

competent of ZOE that act as obtundent (dulls pain)

A

clove oil

173
Q

can be used under composite

A

Reinforced ZOE

174
Q

Inhibits polymerization

A

Reinforced ZOE

175
Q

Expands when setting which increases sealing

A

Reinforced ZOE

176
Q

What type of material is wax

A

Temporary

177
Q

is was dimensionally stable?

A

must be

Operative: lecture (3 decks)

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