GI Flashcards

1
Q

Cimetidine

A

1) peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophageal reflux
2) H2 blocker: reversibly blocks histamine H2 receptor –> decr H+ secretion by parietal cell
3) potent cyt P450 inhibitor (Rx interactions); anti-androgenic effects (prolactin release, gynecomastia, impotence, decr libido in males); can X BBB (confusion, dizziness, HA) + placenta; decr renal exretion of Cr
4) N/A

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2
Q

Ranitidine

A

1) peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophageal reflux
2) H2 blocker: reversibly blocks histamine H2 receptor –> decr H+ secretion by parietal cell
3) decr renal exretion of Cr
4) N/A

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3
Q

Famotidine

A

1) peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophageal reflux
2) H2 blocker: reversibly blocks histamine H2 receptor –> decr H+ secretion by parietal cell
3) decr renal exretion of Cr
4) N/A

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4
Q

Nizatidine

A

1) peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophageal reflux
2) H2 blocker: reversibly blocks histamine H2 receptor –> decr H+ secretion by parietal cell
3) decr renal exretion of Cr
4) N/A

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5
Q

Omeprazole

A

1) peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syn
2) proton pump inhibitor: irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells
3) incr risk fo C. difficile infct + pneumonia; hip fractures; decr serum Mg2+ w/ long-term use
4) N/A

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6
Q

Lansoprazole

A

1) peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syn
2) proton pump inhibitor: irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells
3) incr risk fo C. difficile infct + pneumonia; hip fractures; decr serum Mg2+ w/ long-term use
4) N/A

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7
Q

Esomeprazole

A

1) peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syn
2) proton pump inhibitor: irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells
3) incr risk fo C. difficile infct + pneumonia; hip fractures; decr serum Mg2+ w/ long-term use
4) N/A

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8
Q

Pantoprazole

A

1) peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syn
2) proton pump inhibitor: irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells
3) incr risk fo C. difficile infct + pneumonia; hip fractures; decr serum Mg2+ w/ long-term use
4) N/A

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9
Q

Dexlansoprazole

A

1) peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syn
2) proton pump inhibitor: irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells
3) incr risk fo C. difficile infct + pneumonia; hip fractures; decr serum Mg2+ w/ long-term use
4) N/A

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10
Q

Bismuth

A

1) incr ulcer healing, traveler’s diarrhea
2) bind ulcer base to provide physical protection + let HCO3- secretion re-establish pH gradient in mucus layer
3) N/A
4) N/A

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11
Q

Sucrafate

A

1) incr ulcer healing, traveler’s diarrhea
2) bind ulcer base to provide physical protection + let HCO3- secretion re-establish pH gradient in mucus layer
3) N/A
4) N/A

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12
Q

Misoprostol

A

1) prevent NSAID-induced peptic ulcers; maintenance of patent ductus arteriosus; also induce labor (ripens cervix)
2) PEG1 analog: incr production + secretion of gastric mucus barrier; decr acid production
3) diarrhea; contraindicated in women of childbearing age (abortifacient)
4) N/A

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13
Q

Octreotide

A

1) acute variceal bleeds, acromegaly, VIPoma, carcinoid tumors
2) long-acting somatostatin analog
3) nausea, cramps, steatorrhea
4) N/A

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14
Q

Aluminum hydroxide

A

1) esophageal reflux dz’s
2) antacid
3) can affect absorption, bioavail or urinary excretion of other Rx by altering gastric + urinary pH or by delaying gastric emptying; hypokalemia; constipation + hypophosphatemia; proximal musc weakness; osteodystrophy; seizures
4) N/A

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15
Q

Magnesium hydroxide

A

1) esophageal reflux dz’s, constipation
2) antacid; osmotic laxative: provide osmotic load to draw out H2O
3) can affect absorption, bioavail or urinary excretion of other Rx by altering gastric + urinary pH or by delaying gastric emptying; hypokalemia; diarrhea; hyporeflexia; hypotension; cardiac arrest; diarrhea, dehydration
4) may be abused by bulimics

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16
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

1) esophageal reflux dz’s
2) antacid
3) can affect absorption, bioavail or urinary excretion of other Rx by altering gastric + urinary pH or by delaying gastric emptying; hypokalemia; hypercalcemia; rebound incr in acid
4) can chelate + decr effectiveness of other Rx (ie, tetracycline)

17
Q

Magnesium citrate

A

1) constipation
2) osmotic laxative: provide osmotic load to draw out H2O
3) diarrhea, dehyration
4) may be abused by bulimics

18
Q

Polyethylene glycol

A

1) constipation
2) osmotic laxative: provide osmotic load to draw out H2O
3) diarrhea, dehyration
4) may be abused by bulimics

19
Q

Lactulose

A

1) constipation; hepatic encephalopathy
2) osmotic laxative: provide osmotic load to draw out H2O; gut flora degrades this Rx into metabolites (lactic acid, acetic acid) that promote nitrogen excretion as NH4+
3) diarrhea, dehyration
4) may be abused by bulimics

20
Q

Infliximab

A

1) Crohn’s dz, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis
2) monoclonal ab to TNF-alpha
3) infct (including reactivation of latent TB); fever; hypotension
4) N/A

21
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

1) ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s dz
2) combo of sulfapyridine (antibacterial) + 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA, anti-inflammatory); activated by colonic bacteria (cleaves bond)
3) malaise; nausea; sulfonamide toxicity; reversible oligospermia
4) N/A

22
Q

Ondansetron

A

1) control vomiting postoperatively + in pts undergoing CA chemo
2) 5-HT3 antagonist; powerful central-acting antiemetic
3) HA, constipation
4) N/A

23
Q

Metoclopramide

A

1) DM, post-sx gastroparesis, antiemetic
2) D2 receptor antagonist: incr resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility; doesn’t influence colon transport time
3) incr parkinsonian effects; restlessness; drowsiness; fatigue; depression; nausea; diarrhea; contraindicated in pts w/ small bowel obstruction or Parkinson’s dz
4) Rx interaction w/ digoxin + DM agents