Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology II Lecture > Chapter 22: Respiratory System Lecture Outline > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Respiratory System Lecture Outline Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of a system of tubes that delivers air to the lungs

A

Respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which two systems work together to deliver oxygen to the tissues and remove carbon dioxide?

A

The respiratory and cardiovascular systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why do we need O2?

A

Mitochondria; ATP - need oxygen to make adenosine triphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why are we producing CO2?

A

Byproduct as ATP is being produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functions of respiration include:

A

Gas exchange, communication, olfaction, acid-base balance, helps produce angiotensin II, produce pressure gradients to help blood and lymph flow, filters small clots, and valsalva maneuver assists in urination, childbirth, and defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The conducting division of the respiratory system includes:

A
  • those passages that serve only for airflow
  • no gas exchange
  • nasal cavity through terminal bronchioles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The respiratory division of the respiratory system consists of:

A

alveoli and other gas exchange regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The upper respiratory tract is located in the

A

head and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The lower respiratory tract is located in the

A

organs of the thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Functions of the nose:

A
  • warms, cleanses, and humidifies inhaled air
  • detects odors
  • serves as a resonating chamber
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The nose extends from

A

nostrils (nares) to posterior nasal apertures (choanae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Facial part is shaped by bone and what cartilage?

The nose

A

hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Divides the nasal cavity:

A

nasal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The nasal conchae include the:

A

superior, middle, and inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Narrow air passage beneath each conchae:

A

meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Meatus characteristics:

A
  • narrowness and turbulence ensure that most air contacts mucous membranes
  • cleans, warms, and moistens the air
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What lines most of the nasal cavity?

A

Respiratory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cells that secrete mucus and cilia propel the mucus posteriorly toward the pharynx

A

Goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Three regions of the pharynx:

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Region of the pharynx that is posterior to nasal apertures and above the soft palate; receives auditory tubes and contains pharyngeal tonsil

A

nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Region of the pharynx spaced between the soft palate and epiglottis; contains palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils

A

oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Region of the pharynx from the epiglottis to the cricoid cartilage; esophagus begins at that point

A

laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which regions of the pharynx are shared with the digestive system?

A
  • oropharynx

- laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Region of the pharynx that passes only air and is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Regions of the pharynx that pass air, food, and drink, and are lined by stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • oropharynx

- laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Muscles of the pharynx assist in:

A

swallowing and speech

this is where the hyoid bone comes in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

AKA the voicebox; cartilaginous chamber about 4cm (1.5 in) long

A

Larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Primary functions of the larynx are to:

A

keep food and drink out of the airway and sound production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Flap of tissue that closes airway and directs food to esophagus behind it

A

Epiglottis

30
Q

What structure in the larynx play a greater role in keeping food and drink out of the airway?

A

Vestibular Folds

31
Q

How many cartilages make up the framework of the larynx?

A

Nine

32
Q

The first three cartilages of the larynx that are solitary and relatively large:

A
  • Epiglottis
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Cricoid cartilage
33
Q

Spoon-shaped supportive plate; most superior cartilage of the larynx
(Elastic cartilage)

A

Epiglottis

34
Q

largest, laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple); shield-shaped
(testosterone stimulates growth so this is larger in males)
(Hyaline cartilage)

A

Thryoid cartilage

35
Q

connects the larynx to the trachea, ring like

Hyaline cartilage

A

Cricoid cartilage

36
Q

Three smaller, paired cartilages in the larynx:

A
  • arytenoid cartilages (2)
  • corniculate cartilages (2)
  • cuneiform cartilages (2)
37
Q

Suspends the larynx from hyoid and hold it together

A

Ligaments

38
Q

The interior wall of the larynx has two folds:

A
  • superior vestibular folds

- inferior vocal folds

39
Q

Superior vestibular folds:

A
  • play no role in speech

- close the larynx during swallowing

40
Q

Inferior vocal folds:

A
  • produce sound when air passes between them
  • covered with stratified squamous epithelium
  • glottis
41
Q

the vocal cords and the opening between them

“true vocal cords”

A

Glottis

42
Q

Air forced between vocal folds vibrates them

A

Sound production

43
Q

When cords are taut, it produces

A

high-pitched sounds

44
Q

When cords are slack, it produces

A

low-pitched sounds

45
Q

Adult male vocal cords are usually longer and thicker; vibrate more slowly and so produce

A

lower-pitched sound

46
Q

determined by the force of air passing between them

A

Loudness

47
Q

a rigid tube about 12cm (4.5in) long and 2.5cm (1in) in diameter
- also called the windpipe

A

Trachea

48
Q

Location of the trachea:

A

anterior to the esophagus

49
Q

The trachea is supported by 16-20 C-shaped rings of what kind of cartilage?
(Helps prevent collapse)

A

Hyaline cartilage

50
Q

The opening of the rings in the trachea faces posteriorly toward the esophagus which allows room for:

A

the esophagus to expand as swallowed food passes by

51
Q

The mucosa of the trachea are composed of:

A
  • ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

- mucociliary escalator

52
Q

The trachea is composed of:

A
  • Mucosa
  • Middle tracheal layer (submucosa)
  • Adventitia
53
Q

End of the trachea forks into:

A

right and left main (primary) bronchi

54
Q

Inferior concave portion resting on the diaphragm

The lung

A

Base

55
Q

Tip that projects just above the clavicle

The lung

A

Apex

56
Q

Pressed against the ribcage

The lung

A

Costal surface

57
Q

Faces medially toward the heart

The lung

A

Mediastinal surface

58
Q

Slit through which the lung receives the main bronchus, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves

A

Hilum

59
Q

Right Lung:

A
  • shorter than the left lung

- has three lobes; superior, middle, and inferior separated by horizontal and oblique fissure

60
Q

Left Lung:

A
  • tall and narrow
  • has two lobes; superior and inferior separated by a single oblique fissure
  • has indentation; cardiac impression (cardiac notch is anterior portion of cardiac impression)
61
Q

a branching system of air tubes (from main bronchus to 65,000 terminal bronchioles)

A

Bronchial tree

62
Q
  • supported by C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings

- enters the lungs

A

Main (primary) bronchi

63
Q
  • supported by cartilage plates

- enters the lobes

A

Lobar (secondary) bronchi

64
Q

The three right lobar (secondary) bronchi:

A

superior, middle, and inferior lobar bronchi

65
Q

The two left lobar bronchi:

A

superior and inferior

66
Q
  • supported by cartilage plates

- 10 on right, 8 on left

A

Segmental (tertiary) bronchi

67
Q
  • segmental bronchi enter this

- functionally independent unit of the lung tissue

A

Bronchopulmonary segment

68
Q

All bronchi are lined with:

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

69
Q

The bronchial tree have MALT:

A

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

70
Q

The bronchial tree contains a smooth muscle layer that regulates airflow;
Will constriction of airway increase or decrease airflow?

A

Decrease

71
Q

Each bronchiole enters a:

A

pulmonary lobule

Anatomy & Physiology II Lecture (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions