Immunomodulatory Drugs

Question 1

What are cytotoxic agents.

Answer 1

Kill rapidly dividing cells.

Question 2

Acronym for cytotoxic agents.

Answer 2

MAC:
Methotrexate
Azothioprine
Cyclophosphamide

Question 3

Methotrexate MOA

Answer 3

Folic acid antagonist (inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis).

Stomatitis side effect.

Question 4

Azothioprine MOA

Answer 4

Inhibits purine and DNA synthesis.

Stomatitis side effect.

Question 5

Cyclophosphamide MOA

Answer 5

Broken down to cytotoxic mustard and acrolein.

Cytotoxic mustard cross-links DNA, leading to cell death.

Acrolein causes hemorrhagic cystitis in the lower urinary tract.

Question 6

Types of T cell inhibitors.

Answer 6

Cyclosporine

Tacrolimus

Question 7

Cyclosporine MOA

Answer 7

Cyclosporine binds to cyclophilin, which inhibits calcineurin to suppress the immune system post-transplant.

Question 8

Tacrolimus MOA

Answer 8

inhibits T cells without bone marrow suppression.

Prevents rejection of solid organ transplant, tropical tx of eczema.

Question 9

Low doses are used for replacement therapy, while high doses are used for immunosuppression.

Answer 9

Glucocorticoids.

Question 10

Glucocorticoid used for replacement therapy.

Answer 10

Hydrocortisone

Question 11

Glucocorticoid used for immunosuppression.

Answer 11

Prednisone and Dexamethasone