School age

Question 1

Growth

Answer 1

Slow, steady rate (2 in/year, 4.5-6.5 lbs/year)
Alternates between growth spurts and minimal growth
Girls may develop menarche depending on body fat content and genetics (average age is 12)

Question 2

Cognitive Development

Answer 2

Preoperational to Concrete Operational stages
Develop the concept of conservation, or the ability to identify that properties of objects remain the same despite changes in form
Logical thinkers (have not developed abstract thought or reasoning)

Question 3

Psychosocial Development

Answer 3

Industry v. Inferiority stage
Need to develop competency and confidence in skills to succeed
Learning still occurs from family and familial routines

Question 4

Nutrition

Answer 4

1200-1600 cal/day
3 well balanced meals and 2 well balanced snacks per day
Be aware of social determinants (food desert, finances, time constraints, etc)

Question 5

Obesity

Answer 5

May be caused by genetics, a sedentary lifestyle, minimal or no physical education, using food as a reward

Question 6

Activity

Answer 6

Approximately 60 minutes per day
Organized sports become more popular and may help
Play is still important: helps to continue to develop cognitive and social skills

Question 7

Elimination

Answer 7

Most have full bladder control and bowel control, but accidents are not uncommon
Primary enuresis: never developed bladder control
Secondary enuresis: had bladder control, but regressed due to stressors

Question 8

Mortality

Answer 8

Sports and recreation injuries (protective equipment and hydration are important)
Firearm safety (teach kids gun safety and identification, lock up guns)
Backpacks (have wide padded shoulders, pack light and wear bother straps)

Question 9

Violence and Bullying

Answer 9

Violent behavior leading to serious consequences
Victims are as risk of behavioral problems, physical health issues, and suicidal ideation
Purposeful and aimed at another child who cannot defend themselves