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GI system > Salivation > Flashcards

Salivation Flashcards

1
Q

What produces saliva?

A

Salivary glands

  • sublingual glands
  • submandibular glands
  • parotid glands
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2
Q

What is saliva made up of?

A

Serous secretion

Mucus secretion

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3
Q

What produces the serous secretion in saliva?

A

Parotid gland

Submandibular glands
Sublingual glands

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4
Q

What produces the mucus secretion in saliva?

A

Submandibular glands

Sublingual glands

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5
Q

What is the serous secretion of saliva made up of?

A

Water

Amylase

Lingual lipase

Immune proteins

Kallikrien

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6
Q

What is the mucus secretion of saliva made up of?

A

Mucins

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7
Q

What is the function of amylase in saliva?

A

Digests starch

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8
Q

What is the function of lingual lipase in saliva?

A

Digests fats

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9
Q

What are the different immune proteins in saliva?

A

IgA

Lysozyme

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10
Q

What are the functions of immune proteins in saliva?

A

Destroy bacteria in the oral cavity

to protect against infection, ulceration, dental caries

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11
Q

What is the function of kallikrien in saliva?

A

Increases the production of bradykinin in blood vessels supplying the salivary glands

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12
Q

What is the effect of bradykinin in blood vessels?

A

Vasodilation

increased blood flow

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13
Q

What is the tonicity of saliva?

A

Hypotonic

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14
Q

What are the functions of mucins in saliva?

A

Lubrication

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15
Q

What is the ionic composition of saliva?

A

Low concentration of sodium and chloride ions compared to plasma

High concentration of potassium and bicarbonate ions compared to plasma

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16
Q

What is the pH of saliva?

A

7.5

slightly alkaline

17
Q

Why is the pH of saliva slightly alkaline?

A

Because it has a high concentration of bicarbonate ions

18
Q

What is the basic unit of a salivary gland?

A

Acinus, lined by acinar cells

Duct, lined by ductal cells

19
Q

What do the acinar cells of salivary glands do?

A

Produce saliva

that is isoosmotic to plasma

20
Q

Where does saliva from the acinar glands travel?

A

Travels through the ducts

along the ductal cells

21
Q

What do the ductal cells of salivary glands do?

A

Change the ionic composition of saliva

to make it hypo-osmotic to plasma

22
Q

How do ductal cells make saliva hypo-osmotic to plasma?

A

Na+ K+ ATPase on basolateral domain
actively transports 3 sodium ions out of the cell
2 potassium ions into the cell

NHE on apical domain
sodium ion diffuses into the cell from saliva down its concentration gradient
hydrogen ion is secreted from the cell into saliva

AE on apical domain
chloride ion diffuses into the cell from saliva down its electrical gradient
bicarbonate ion is secreted from the cell into saliva

H+ K+ ATPase on basolateral domain
potassium ion is moved out of the cell into saliva
hydrogen ion is moved into the cell from saliva

More sodium and chloride ions leave the saliva than potassium and bicarbonate ions entering the saliva
so it becomes hypo-osmotic

23
Q

How does the tonicity of saliva change with change of flow of saliva through the ducts? Why?

A

As flow increases, saliva becomes more iso-osmotic to plasma

because less contact time with ductal cells
less transport of ions between saliva and ductal cells

24
Q

What is the control of salivation?

A

Neural control

autonomic nervous system

25
Q

What overall effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on salivation?

A

Stimulates salivation a lot

27
Q

How does the parasympathetic nervous system stimulate salivation?

A

Partly by vasodilating blood vessels supplying salivary glands
increased blood flow to salivary glands
increased delivery of nutrients to salivary glands

28
Q

What is xerostermia?

A

Dry mouth

29
Q

What are the causes of xerostermia?

A

Dehydration

30
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of xerostermia?

A

Dysphagia

Ulcers

Oral candidiasis

Dental caries

31
Q

What is a common cause of inflammation of the parotid gland?

A

Viral infection - mumps

32
Q

What are the symptoms of inflammation of the parotid gland? Why?

A

Severe pain

because the parotid gland is enclosed in a fibrous caspsule, which limits swelling

33
Q

What overall effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on salivation?

A

Stimulates salivation

but not as much as parasympathetic nervous system does

GI system (21 decks)

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