Blood pressure pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a normal level for systolic and diastolic pressure

A

<140 , <85

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2
Q

What is essential hypertension

A

Not a 100% clear cause but a good idea of the risk factors to what’s caused hypertension

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3
Q

What is secondary hypertension

A

Clear consequence of a clinical condition

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4
Q

What is a potential cause of essential hypertension

A

Mean arterial blood pressure changes over time - (CO x total peripheral resistance) CO tends to decrease, TPR goes up - damage to vessel walls

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5
Q

How does renal disease cause secondary hypertension

A

Nephron function is impaired - increase in total blood volume - causes more damage to the kidney - more kidney failure

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6
Q

What is renal artery stenosis

A

A reduction in the diameter of the renal artery - renin production dependent on stretch receptors in the renal artery so more renin produced - more angiotensin II - more water retention - high BP

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7
Q

What is a pheochomocytoma

A

tumour of the chromaffin cells in the adrenal gland - causes increased secretion of adrenaline into the blood supply increasing blood pressure

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8
Q

How is retinal damage caused by hypertension

A

Hypertensive retinopathy - Light reflected in different ways due to changes in arterial pressure - white spots can be seen due to haemorrhage

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9
Q

What non-pharmacological treatments are in place for hypertension

A

weight loss, exercise, diet, reduced salt, alcohol and caffeine intake

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10
Q

What pharmacological treatments are in place

A

Diuretics - thiazides - increase Na and Cl secretion
Sympatholytics - alpha blockers - clonidine reduces CNS sympathetic output - Prazosin - relaxes smooth muscle and reduced total peripheral resistance
Beta blockers - propranolol reduces heart rate and contractility
Calcium channel blockers
ACE inhibitors
AGII inhibitors

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