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Radiology -Scott Newman > Final Review Questions > Flashcards

Final Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Maximum Permissible Dose

A

Measures the maximum dose of radiation that a person may be exposed to in a given amount of time.

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2
Q

Badge worn by the radiographer

A

Dosimeter Badge

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3
Q

6 safety precautions when radiographing a Pt.

A

Collimation, Lead protective wear, Look away, Avoid retakes, Restraint devices, Decrease time

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4
Q

When using a grid, you must INCREASE the mAs ___ x more

A

3-4

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5
Q

Absorbed Dose

A

Gray

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6
Q

Dose Equivalent

A

Sievert

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7
Q

How do you INCREASE short scale contrast

A

Change the kVp

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8
Q

Most desirable technique change if the film is doubly dark

A

Decrease kVp 15%

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9
Q

The films goes ___ the embossing card

A

Over

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10
Q

To decrease motion on a film

A

Decrease Time

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11
Q

3 Factors affecting x-ray absorption

A

Atomic #, Object density, and X-ray energy

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12
Q

2 Factors determining whether x-rays interact with the film or not

A

Tissue thickness and x-ray energy

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13
Q

Radiopaque

A

Positive Contrast

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14
Q

3 Negative contrast medias

A

Air, Co2, and O2

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15
Q

The HIGHER the atomic #

A

the LESS object penetration

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16
Q

4 Causes of “Fog”

A

Poor Screen/Film contrast
Focal spot size
Focal Film Distance (FFD)
Motion

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17
Q

Flouroscopy

A

Live Radiograph, uses x-ray beams

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18
Q

Beam Filters eliminate ___ wavelength rays

A

Long

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19
Q

Long Scale Contrast

A

Shades of grey, higher kVp, and body cavity films

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20
Q

Short Scale Contrast

A

Black/White, lower kVp, and bone films

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21
Q

2 types of film Noise

A

Mottle and Artifacts

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22
Q

The distance between the x-ray tube and the film

A

Focal Film Distance

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23
Q

Doubly Dark/Light

A

Decrease/Increase kVp 15%

Decrease/Increase mAs 50%

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24
Q

1/2 Doubly Dark/Light

A

Decrease/Increase kVp 10%

Decrease/Increase mAs 30%

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25
Q

1/4 Doubly Dark/Light

A

Decrease/Increase kVp by 2-3

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26
Q

The final appearance of a radiography based upon it’s density, contrast and detail

A

Radiographic Quality

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27
Q

Device commonly used when radiographing LA hoofs

A

Wooden Blocks

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28
Q

Common label used in LA radiographs

A

Density filter and lead impregnated tape

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29
Q

What % of energy from fast moving electrons is concerted to x-ray energy and heat

A

1% energy

99% heat

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30
Q

X-rays are generated in the

A

X-ray tube

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31
Q

The location where electrons collide with the target

A

Focal Spot

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32
Q

Cathode failure =

A

filament failure

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33
Q

Driving force behind x-rays

A

kVp

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34
Q

The number of x-rays produced during exposure

A

mA

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35
Q

For the best contrast on a film, first change the

A

kVp

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36
Q

5 tissues that are most susceptible to scatter radiation

A

Skin and intestinal epithelium, Gonads, Thyroid, Lens of the eye, and blood producing organs

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37
Q

FFD for a Small Portable Machine

A

26 inches

38
Q

Developer pH

A

Alkaline

39
Q

Fixer pH

A

Acidic

40
Q

The action of the developer is to convert ____ silver halide crystal into black metallic silver crystal, while doing nothing to ____ silver halide crystals.

A

Exposed

Unexposed

41
Q

Play doh is used in LA to

A

Pack the sulcus of the hoof and increase detail

42
Q

One action of the fixer is to stop ___

A

developing process by removing unexposed crystals.

43
Q

The minimum amount of time a film needs to be in the fixer in order to adequately remove unexposed crystals

A

Clearing Time!!!

44
Q

To make a latent image visible, you have to ___ the film

A

Develop

45
Q

Rays that pass through the object and interact with the film

A

Penetration

46
Q

Rays enter the object, but don’t exit

A

Absorption

47
Q

The rays on either side of the central ray that make up the primary beam

A

Primary Rays

48
Q

Lead shutter beam limiting device

A

Collimator

49
Q

5 body cavities

A

Abdomen, Thorax, Pelvis, Spine, and Skull

50
Q

Dyspnic Pts should not be radiographed in

A

V/D

51
Q

How many days into gestation may a fetal skeleton first be viewed

A

45-50 days

52
Q

Point of measurement for a lat skull radiograph

A

Zygomatic Arch

53
Q

Site of measurement for a cervical spine radiograph

A

C5-C6

54
Q

A substance used to increase radiographic contrast within an organ system

A

Contrast Medium

55
Q

Any object/agent that is radiopaque shows up what color on a radiograph

A

Black

56
Q

2 types of Iodine-Based compounds

A

Water Soluble
and
Oily Viscous Agent

57
Q

2 types of Excretory Urography contrast studies

A

Nephrogram and Pyelogram

58
Q

An U/S of the Heart

A

Echocardiogram

59
Q

what scatters sound in an U/S

A

Air

60
Q

2 Types of Positive Contrast

A 
Barium Sulfate (GI tract only)
and 
Iodine Based (outlines hollow organs)
61
Q

When is a Barium study counterindicated

A

Suspected perferation

62
Q

Water soluble Iodine-based contrast study

A

Conunterindicatied for Mylography

Can use if perferation is suspected

63
Q

When would you use an Oily Viscous Agent

A

Lymphography

64
Q

Radiolucent

A

Negative contrast

65
Q

Rostrocaudal positioning is used for what type of skull radiographs

A

Cranium

66
Q

An open mouth view is ideal for what type of skull radiographs

A

Tympanic Bullae

67
Q

How many views can a complete set of oral films be taken in/what are they

A

6 views:

Upper/lower- incisors, K-9’s/PM, and Molars.

68
Q

What is the only things you can adjust on a Dental Unit machine

A

Time

69
Q

What are the fixed ranges for kVp and mA on a Dental Unit

A

kVp- 60-80

mA- 5-10

70
Q

3 safety rules for dental radiographs

A
  • 6 foot rule (behind machine)
  • Dosimeter badge
  • Never stand in the direction the cone is pointed
71
Q

Bisecting Angle Technique

A

Best view
Determine the plane of the tooth root, the plane of the film, estimate half the distance between these two planes, then position the beam of the x-ray 90 degrees to that point.

72
Q

Dental Dz shows up as ___ on a radiograph

A

Radiolucent

73
Q

5 Cervical spine views

A

Lat, V/D, Flexed, Extended, and Hyperextended

74
Q

A non-sequential study includes which radiographs

A

Survey Film and Zero-Minute Film

75
Q

A sequential study includes which radiographs

A

Survey Film, 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, etc…(common in GI studies)

76
Q

Which contrast studies require anesthesia

A

LGI, Myelography, Vaginography, and Sialography

77
Q

Positive only contrast studies

A

Myelography

78
Q

Negative only contrast studies

A

Pneumoperitoneography

79
Q

Barium only contrast studies

A

Esophagography and UGI

80
Q

Iodine only contrast studies

A

Excretory Urography

81
Q

Sequential studies include

A

UGI and Excretory Urography

82
Q

Special procedures that use x-rays

A

CT scan and Fluoroscopy

83
Q

Standard view of the Navicular bone

A

Lat 45 degree DP, Horizontal DP, 65 degree DP cone down, and Skyline

84
Q

2 methods of 65 degree DP cone down

A

Upright Pedal- decrease distortion, harder to do.

High Coronary- increased distortion, easy to do.

85
Q

P3 views

A

Lat 45 degree DP and Horizontal DP

86
Q

Indirect digital radiology

A

most common- uses a Photostimuable Phosphor Plate

87
Q

Direct digital radiology

A

Directly converts images to an electrical signal

88
Q

Higher Frequency U/S probe

A

Better resolution and detail

Decreased depth

89
Q

Lower Frequency U/S probe

A

Less detail

Deeper penetration depth

90
Q

What color does Fluid show up as on an U/S

A

Black

Radiology -Scott Newman (4 decks)

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