Regulation of Energy Intake & Body Weight Regulation

Question 1

Stimulation of the ________ produces voracious eating

Answer 1

lateral hypothalamus (LH)

Question 2

Two peptides have been identified that are expressed in the brain only by neurons in the LH: ___________. These peptides induce feeding when injected into the CNS

Answer 2

melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) and orexins (also known as hypocretins)

Question 3

stimulation of this region of the brain results in cessation of eating even in hungry animals and therefor is the satiety center on the brain

Answer 3

ventromedial nucleus (VMN)

Question 4

Activation of arcuate neurons that produce both ______ and _____promote feeding

Answer 4

neuropeptide Y (NPY),
agouti-related peptide (AgRP)

Question 5

Activation of the arcuate neurons that produce both ________ and ________ promote satiety.

Answer 5

alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH) and cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript (CART)

Question 6

alpha-MSH activates ________receptors, while AgRP blocks the effect of alpha-MSH at these receptors

Answer 6

melanocortin

Question 7

activation of melanocortin receptors (MCR) induces _____

Answer 7

satiety

Question 8

where are melanocortin receptors (MCR) expressed?

Answer 8

paraventricular nucleus (PVN),
lateral hypothalamus (LH),
preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons in the medulla and spinal cord

Question 9

what is Ghrelin?

Answer 9

Ghrelin is a 28 a.a. peptide hormone secreted from the stomach that induces feeding

Question 10

Ghrelin receptors are located in the arcuate nucleus, and ghrelin appears to activate the ________ arcuate neurons

Answer 10

NPY/AgRP

Question 11

Information about gastric distension as well as hepatic levels of glucose and lipids are carried by vagal afferents to the nucleus of the ______ in the brainstem and are relayed to the PVN, arcuate nucleus, and LH, as well as to the amygdala and visceral sensory thalamus.

Answer 11

tractus solitarius (NTS)