6.4 macromolecules

Question 1

What are the 4 macromolecules of life?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates / proteins / lipids / nucleic acids

Question 2

What elements are carbohydrates composed of?

Answer 2

Carbon / Hydrogen / Oxygen

Question 3

what is the ratio for carbohydrates?

Answer 3

(1 ; 2 ; 1) 1 Carbon 2 Hydrogen 1 oxygen (CH2O)

Question 4

what is the general name for carbohydrates?

Answer 4

saccharides

Question 5

What do organisms use carbohydrates for?

Answer 5

A source of energy and structural material.

Question 6

what are monosaccharides?

Answer 6

monomers of carbohydrates

Question 7

what is the general name for monosaccharides?

Answer 7

simple sugars

Question 8

what are examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 8

glucose / fructose / galactose

Question 9

what is a di-saccharide?

Answer 9

2 monosaccharides

Question 10

what is an example of a di-saccharide?

Answer 10

sucrose

Question 11

what is the chemical formula for a di-saccharide?

Answer 11

C12H22O11

Question 12

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 12

4 or more monosaccharides

Question 13

What are examples of a polysaccharide?

Answer 13

Glycogen / Cellulose / Chitin / Starch

Question 14

What is glycogen?

Answer 14

Quick energy molecules stored in muscle

Question 15

what is cellulose?

Answer 15

An organic molecule that makes up a cell wall

Question 16

what is Chitin?

Answer 16

The exoskeleton of insects. As well as the cell wall of fungi and algae.

Question 17

What is starch?

Answer 17

energy stored in plants

Question 18

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 18

Storage / transport / Movement / Structural / Enzymes

Question 19

What do proteins store?

Answer 19

Food sources

Question 20

what do proteins transport?

Answer 20

hemoglobin in blood

Question 21

how are proteins used in terms of movement?

Answer 21

they help muscle movement

Question 22

how are potreins structural?

Answer 22

They build membranes, grow nails, hair, and horns.

Question 23

what is another name for amino acids?

Answer 23

peptides

Question 24

what are amino acids?

Answer 24

monomers that make up proteins

Question 25

what is a monomer?

Answer 25

2 molecules joined together

Question 26

how many different amino acids are there?

Answer 26

20

Question 27

what is a DI-peptide?

Answer 27

2 amino acids

Question 28

what is a DI-peptide joined together by?

Answer 28

peptide bond

Question 29

what is a polypeptide

Answer 29

a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

Question 30

what is the symbol for polypeptide?

Answer 30

A.A + A.A + A.A + A.A

Question 31

What is an example of a polypeptide?

Answer 31

An enzyme

Question 32

what is an enzyme?

Answer 32

a protein

Question 33

why is the shape of the protein important?

Answer 33

for its function

Question 34

what are lipids made up of?

Answer 34

Carbon / Hydrogen / oxygen

Question 35

what does nonpolar mean?

Answer 35

not able to dissolve in water?

Question 36

Are lipids nonpolar or polar?

Answer 36

nonpolar

Question 37

what are the functions of lipids?

Answer 37

provide cushion to protect vital organs / stores energy / helps regulate temperature

Question 38

what is a fatty acid?

Answer 38

monomers that make up lipids

Question 39

what is a fatty acid made up of?

Answer 39

long chains of carbon and hydrogen carboxyl groups

Question 40

what is a phospholipid?

Answer 40

2 layers of fatty acid molecules

Question 41

what do phospholipids do?

Answer 41

they make up the cell membrane and act as a barrier around the cell.

Question 42

what is triglyceride?

Answer 42

3 molecules of fatty acid joined together by a glycerol molecule

Question 43

what is a saturated triglyceride?

Answer 43

it has all single bonds. ( butter and red meat are examples)

Question 44

what is an unsaturated triglyceride?

Answer 44

it has all double bonds. ( olive oil and plant seeds are examples)

Question 45

what are steroids identified by?

Answer 45

4 fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached

Question 46

what are examples of steroids?

Answer 46

hormones such as, testosterone, esterogen, and chelesterol

Question 47

what are waxes?

Answer 47

very long fatty acid chains

Question 48

what are waxes funtion?

Answer 48

waterproofing and forming protective layers on surfaces.

Question 49

what are examples of waxes?

Answer 49

earwax / preening gland / mucous gland

Question 50

what are the 2 types of nucleic acids?

Answer 50

DNA and RNA

Question 51

where is DNA found?

Answer 51

only in the nucleus

Question 52

where is RNA found?

Answer 52

the nucleus AND the cytoplasm

Question 53

what are the functions of nucleic acids?

Answer 53

stores hereditery info / instructs cell to perforn functions / directs the synthesis of proteins

Question 54

what is a nucleotide?

Answer 54

monomer of nucleic acids

Question 55

what are nucleic acids made of?

Answer 55

nucleotide

Question 56

what are nucleotides made of?

Answer 56

sugar / nitrogen / and a phosphate group

Question 57

what is a polymer?

Answer 57

nucleotides joined together

Question 58

what are most molecules bonded by?

Answer 58

condensation reaction

Question 59

what do 2 monomers create?

Answer 59

a polymer