Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sem 5 - The Nervous System > 2. Development of the Nervous System > Flashcards

2. Development of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is important about NS development int he foetus?

A

It is the first thing to begin and the last to finish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is the NS the most susceptible system to damage during prenatal development?

A

Because of the length of time it takes to form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the notocord signal to?

A

Overlying ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the overlying ectodern then form?

A

Neurectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the neurectoderm form?

A

Neural tube, folds and groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is neurulation?

A

The fusion of the neural folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the last bits of the tube to close?

A

The anterior and posterior neuropores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does defects/failure of neuropore closure result in?

A

Serious birth defects of the NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does caudal failure of the neural tube to close cause?

A

Spina bifida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does cranial failure of the neural tube to close cause?

A

Anencephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is anencephaly compatible with life?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is anencephaly incompatible with life?

A

It means there is failure of any cranial structures to form, including the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens in spina bifida?

A

The bones of the spine don’t form properly around the SC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does spina bifida usually occur?

A

In the lumbosacral regoin, but can occur anywhere along the length of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is spina bifida associated with neurological deficits?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is spina bifida associated with cognitive delay?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What nearly always occurs with spina bifida?

A

Hydrocephalus

18
Q

What is rachischisis?

A

Failure of the neural fold to elevate

19
Q

How can neural tube defects be diagnosed?

A
  1. Raised maternal serum α-fetoprotein (released from open NT)
  2. USS at 20 weeks
20
Q

How can NTDs be prevented?

A

Folic acid preconceptually for 3 months and for the first trimester

21
Q

What does the lumen of the NT become?

A

The ventricular system

22
Q

What do the 3 cranial dilations of the NT become?

A

Initially 5 dilations develop. These become the 5 anatomical divisions of the brain.

23
Q

What does the tail/caudal end of the NT become?

A

The spinal cord

24
Q

Why does the cauda equina form?

A

After month 3, the vertebral collumn grows faster than the spinal cord, so the spinal roots have to elongate so they still exit at their respective vertebral foramen.

25
Q

What is cauda equina syndrome? (Not part of development)

A

Nerves to legs, feet and pelvic organs are compressed. Occurs secondary to lumbar puncture or disc herniation.

26
Q

What are the 3 primary areas of the brain?

A
  • Prosencephalon (Forebrain)
  • Mesencephalon (Midbrain)
  • Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain)
27
Q

What vesicles of the brain form at week 5, and what from?

A
  1. Prosencephalon -> telencephalon and diencephalon
  2. Mesencephalon stays
  3. Rhombencephalon -> Metencephalon and myelencephalon
28
Q

What does the telencephalon become?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

29
Q

What does the diencephalon become?

A

Thalamus

30
Q

What does the mesencephalon become?

A

Midbrain

31
Q

What does the metencephalon become?

A

Pons and cerebellum

32
Q

What does the myelencephalon become?

A

Medulla oblongata

33
Q

What develop in the telencephalon area?

A

The lateral ventricles

34
Q

What develops in the diencephalon area?

A

3rd ventricle

35
Q

What develops in the mesencephalon area?

A

cerebral aqueduct

36
Q

What develops in the met- and myel- encephalon areas?

A

The 4th ventricle

37
Q

How is hydrocephalus treated?

A

With a shunt

38
Q

What can cause hydrocephalus?

A

Blockage of the ventricular system eg by a tumour, or infection

39
Q

What do cells of the neural crest do?

A

Migrate

40
Q

What do neural crest cells migrate to form?

A 
Loadsa places!
Cranial nerve ganglia
spinal root ganglia
symp. and parasym. ganglia
schwann and glial cells
leptomeninges
dermis of face and neck
c cells of thyroid
melanocytes
adrenal medulla
 ...and more.
41
Q

What can cause defects of neural crest migration?

A

Alcohol (and some other stuff)

42
Q

What are 2 examples of diseases with defects of neural tube migration?

A
  • DiGeorge Syndrome

- Hirschprung’s Disease

Sem 5 - The Nervous System (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions