Second Civil War Flashcards
How did people protest Parliament’s changes to Christmas?
Christmas associated with Popery.
Christmas 1647 - London and Canterbury, shops ordered to be left open, football played, and a market. Anti-excise riot and Canterbury match protested. People said ‘Up with King Charles!’ and mayor/magistrates expelled from town. Kent county Committee used militia to restore order.
Ipswitch and London faced similar protest, and people protested county committees.
How were royalists at Burnham Heath crushed?
ESSEX: 24/4/1648 30,000 produce petition to Parl for NMA to disband and treaty with Charles - rejected.
Kent rioting spread to London. 29/5/1648 10,000 meet at Burnham Heath - Earl of Norwich elected. Fairfax captured 1000 rebels on 30 May, rest pursued to Maidstone. Forced held at Dover with rebellion crushed on 1 June. Dover Castle relieved and royalists scattered.
How did presbyterians support royalist cause in Essex?
June 1648 Essex newly appointed sheriffs all high Presbyterians. Presbyterian militia officers imprisoned after Jul 1647 counter revolution set free to prevent presbyterian-royalist alignment. Denzil Holles recruited for royalist cause and royalists overturned munitions trains to Fairfax. Counter revolution prevented in London summer 1648 due to Major General Skippon’s control of capital with trained bands.
What happened in Norwich?
Norwich - Directory of Worship bans Christmas 4/1/1645. Popular festivity remained. John Utting, mayor, couldn’t agree to petition requesting Christmas, and petition for Directory of Worship enforcement.
Puritans complain to Parl, and on 23 April 1648 citizens didn’t allow him to leave to London to explain himself. The crowd would purge town government and remove roundheads - Parliamentarians. 40 were killed as troops intervened.
Why did the Royalists have sympathies from some citizens?
People wanted a return to traditional government with familiar faces in charge. Royalists were attempting to reverse the result of the war, and fought the regime. People feared inexperienced leaders were running the country. Royalists failed to garner open revolt.
What did the army conclude at the Windsor prayer meeting?
3 Jan 1648 - Vote of No Addresses. Cromwell tells Commons to remain loyal.
Army has prayer meeting in April, Windsor.
Royalist rising has broken out in South Wales, the 2nd Civil War. Army officers concluded Charles Stuart, man of blood-guilt, was committing sacrilege by trying to overturn Civil War verdict. He must account for blood shed - path to Regicide.
What happened at Colchester?
Rebel party wanted to seize London.
4 June 1648 - Chelmsford rising in Essex, leaders pursued by NMA and fled to Colchester. Fighting at closing gates cost NMA 1000 men. Town closed off.
By 20 June, Colchester royalists surrounded. Mounts slaughtered for food, and houses of townspeople searched.
Prince’s Royalist Fleet unable to help through the sea. Royalists beseiged, surrender by 29 Aug. Three leaders Lucas, Lisle, Gascoigne, tried by court martial, excluding Italian Gascoigne. Fairfax didn’t storm town because he didn’t want casualties. Lucas allegedly ordered 20-40 in a seized garrison to be killed - harsh punishment needed to prevent more bloodshed.
Which privileged members of the Colchester rising were punished?
Hamilton, Holland, and Capel were tried by an unconstitutional High Court of Justice set by the Rump after 6 months’ captivity and publicly executed in front of Westminster Hall. Norwich was reprieved by the Commons.
What did Christmas riots show?
Christmas riots showed dissatisfaction with a regime which failed to return England to normal, alongside dislike of the Presbyterian system. Parliament still had heavy taxation and billeting of an army. Directory of Worship blamed for prohibition of festivities. But changes brought by the Directory were limited. Book of Common Prayer Services continued to be held in East Anglian parishes in 50s. There was a steady decline of festival services.
Why did Royalists fail in their attempts of a Second Civil War?
Royalists achieved a small amount of revolts such as seizing ports like Deal and Walmer, castles like Pontefract, and risings in Kent and the Midlands. The New Model Army resisted the attempts effectively, though, and Royalists failed to destabilise the regime. Many revolts may not have occurred at all if the NMA had disbanded.
