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2. Health Promotion > Childhood infectious diseases > Flashcards

Childhood infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Rubella (german measles ; 3-day measles)

A
  • RNA virus

- airborne particles and droplets

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2
Q

Rubella CM

A
  • pinkish rose rash -start on face/ neck
  • spreads to rest of body 1- 3 days
  • pruritis - petechiae may appear on soft palate
  • lymphadenopathy
  • URI ss common
  • low grade fever
  • comp: arthritis, arthralgia, thrombocytopenia,
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3
Q

Rubella management

A
  • supportive + symptomatic
  • child kept out of school/ child care for 7 days after rash appearance
  • prevention: MMR vaccine
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4
Q

Rubeola (measles)

A
  • RNA virus

- direct contact with infectious droplets

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5
Q

Rubeola (measles) CM

A
  • resp ss 10 days after exposure
  • slow rising fever with …
  • 3 CCs : coryza, cough and conjuctivitus
  • koplik spots on buccal mucosa
  • deep red rash starts on face and neck spreasing downward to the feet lasting 6-7 days
  • Comp: 2* resp ss, myocarditis, pericard, pneumonia (LT)
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6
Q

Rubeola (measles)

A
  • symptomatic
  • quiet activities
  • bed rest
  • antitussives
  • encourage fluids
  • humidification of air
  • Vit A supplement
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7
Q

Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)

A
  • Parvovirus B19

- Airborne particles, respiratory droplets, blood, blood products, transplacental

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8
Q

Fifth disease CM

A
  • common ages 5-15 possible in adults
  • intense, fiery red rash on cheeks = “slapped check”
  • rash progresses to trunk + extremities
  • fades with central clearing area creating a lacy appearance
  • rash lasts 2-39 days - may return
  • Comp: intrauterine infection or Fetal death
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9
Q

Fifth disease management

A
  • usual benign and self-limiting

- treat symptoms

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10
Q

Roseola infantum

A
  • Human herpesvirus 6 or others

- contact with secretions of asymptomatic close contacts

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11
Q

Roseola infantum CM

A
  • 6-18 mos.
  • sudden high fever (103-106 degrees)
  • malaise, irritability
  • mild resp ss
  • when fever subsides after 3-5 days , maculopapular rash appears that blanches with pressure
  • rash mostly on neck, trunk
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12
Q

Roseola infantum management

A

fever control

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13
Q

Varicella -zoster

A

direct contact, droplet, airborne particles

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14
Q

Varicella -zoster CM

A
  • 24-48 hr before lesions appear
  • slight fever, malaise, HA, anorexia
  • rash on trunk and scalp
  • lesions (vesicles) ; become pustular, then dry & develop crust
  • lesions appear in crops over 3-4 days
  • can appear on mucous membranes in mouth, genitals, and rectum
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15
Q

Varicella -zoster management

A
  • frequent bathing in oatmeal bath
  • anithistamines
  • acetaminophen to control fever
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16
Q

Epstein-Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis)

A

EBV

- saliva, intimate contact, blood

17
Q

Epstein-Barr virus CM

A
  • fever, exudative pharyngitis
  • lymphadenopathy
  • hepatosplenomegaly
  • severity can range from mild- severe and fatal
  • acute illness lasts 2-3 wks - then recover
  • EBV can be dormant until immunocompromised
18
Q

Epstein-Barr virus management

A
  • supportive
  • symptomatic
  • steroids for inflammation
  • limited activity while spleen enlarged
19
Q

Pertussis

A
  • Bordetella pertussis

- direct contact or respiratory droplets from coughing

20
Q

Pertussis CM

A

-catarrhal (1-2wks)
- mild URI SS
paroxysmal (2-6 wks)
- increased severity of cough, repetitive series on single inspiration followed by massive inspiration + whoop
- convalescent (1-2 wks): cough may persist for months

21
Q

Pertussis management

A
  • immunization pref
  • admin erythromcyin, azithromycin or clarithromycin in catarrhal
  • given to all close contacts
22
Q

Scarlet fever

A
  • Group A beta-hemolytic strep

- airborne (inhalation or ingestion); direct contact

23
Q

Scarlet fever CM

A
  • abrupt fever
  • vomiting
  • HA, abdominal pain
  • pharyngitis, chills, fever peaks on second day
  • normal in 5-6 days
  • fine, red , popular rash appears after 24 hrs
  • sand paper
  • spreads throughout whole body
  • desquamation
  • tonsils edematous and covered with gray-white exudate
24
Q

Scarlet fever management

A
  • rapid strep screen
  • throat culture
  • penicillin
  • if all/ erythromycin
  • child considered infectious until 24 hrs of antibiotics given

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