Circulatory System

Question 1

5 substances transported by the circulatory system

Answer 1

• oxygen
• food monomers
• antibodies
• heat
• hormones

Question 2

How does the heart of a trout differ from that of an eagle? Are these open or closed systems?

Answer 2

Both have closed circulatory systems. A trout has a singular system (blood flows through the heart in one circuit) and eagles have double systems (pulmonary and systemic circuits).

Question 3

What are the advantages of this design for the eagle?

Answer 3

In double circulatory systems oxygenated blood is kept separate from deoxygenated blood for more efficient fuel and oxygen delivery, which supports their high metabolic needs.

Question 4

Four chambers of the heart

Answer 4

• right atria, right ventricle

- left atria, left ventricle

Question 5

Tricuspid Valve

Answer 5

Allows blood to flow downward from the right atrium into the right ventricle

Question 6

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Answer 6

Allows blood to flow upward from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk

Question 7

Bicuspid Valve

Answer 7

Allows blood to flow downward from the left atria to the left ventricle

Question 8

Aortic Valve

Answer 8

Allows blood to flow upward from the left ventricle to the aorta

Question 9

Systole

Answer 9

Occurs when the ventricles of the heart contract pushing blood outward

Question 10

Diastole

Answer 10

Occurs the the ventricles relax fill with blood. Diastolic pressure is greater than the pressure found in a vein.

Question 11

Which vessels carry blood away from the heart? Which is larger?

Answer 11

Arteries and the aorta carry blood away from the heart. The aorta is larger.

Question 12

Red blood cells

Answer 12

Carry oxygen from the lungs to various tissues (contains hemoglobin)

Question 13

White blood cells

Answer 13

Major component of our immune system; helps the body fight off infections.

Question 14

Platelets

Answer 14

Fragmented bone marrow membranes; assists in blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding

Question 15

Plasma

Answer 15

Yellowish liquid accounting for half the volume of blood; contains electrolytes, blood proteins and transitional substances

Question 16

What does red and blue blood represent? Which vessels carry these blood types?

Answer 16

Red represents oxygenated blood (left ventricle) and blue represents deoxygenated blood (right ventricle).

Question 17

Pacemaker

Answer 17

Specialized muscle tissue lining the the wall of the right atrium generating electrical impulses powering systole and diastole; affects pulse and cardiac output

Question 18

Why does pressure decrease as it crosses capillary beds?

Answer 18

The speed of blood coming through the arteries slows at the capillaries because capillaries are massive in number; they are greater in volume and much smaller than an artery.

Question 19

Why does blood pressure rise after passing the capillary beds?

Answer 19

TBD

Question 20

Why are capillaries pours?

Answer 20

Capillary walls are thin to allow for the exchange of blood and interstitial fluids; diffusion of recourses.

Question 21

Arteriole Sphincters

Answer 21

Close off different vessels to route blood to areas where you need them the most; blood pressure would dramatically decrease if all sphincters relaxes at once.

Question 22

Coronary Artery

Answer 22

Supply oxygen rich blood to the heart muscles

Question 23

Thrombus

Answer 23

Deep vein thrombus results from blood clot formations in the veins of the legs.

Question 24

Embolus

Answer 24

Blood clot that forms within a blood vessel before being carried to another area via the blood stream.

Question 25

Plaque

Answer 25

Deposits of fat and cholesterol that accumulate on the inner walls of arteries narrowing them, sometimes forming clots; atherosclerosis is onset long before resulting in a heart attack.

Question 26

Stroke

Answer 26

Results from lack of blood flow to the brain 🧠

Question 27

Risk Factors for Stroke

Answer 27

• inactivity
• genetic predisposition
• smoking
• hypertension
• diets high in calories and saturated fats

Question 28

HDLs

Answer 28

High density lipoproteins; carry cholesterol away from body tissues including the arteries. Sends cholesterol to stores in the liver

Question 29

Path of Blood Through the Body

Answer 29

• right atria
• tricuspid atrioventricular valve
• right ventricle
• pulmonary semilunar valve
• pulmonary artery
• arterioles
• pulmonary capillaries
• lungs
• venules
• pulmonary veins
• left atria
• bicuspid atrioventricular valve
• left ventricle
• aortic semilunar valve
• aorta
• arterioles
• capillaries
• body tissues
• venules
• veins
• vena cava

Question 30

How does the structure of a vein differ from an artery?

Answer 30

An artery is much larger that a vein.