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Z Medicine Term 1 > Anatomy - Intro, bones and joints > Flashcards

Anatomy - Intro, bones and joints Flashcards

1
Q

proximal

A

nearer to trunk/point of origin

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2
Q

distal

A

farther from trunk/point of origin

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3
Q

superficial

A

nearer to surface / on surface

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4
Q

deep

A

farther from surface

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5
Q

pamar

A

nearer to / on palm of hand

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6
Q

plantar

A

nearer to / on sole of foot

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7
Q

cranial/rostral

A

nearer to head

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8
Q

caudal

A

nearer to feet

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9
Q

ipsilateral

A

on the same side of the body

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10
Q

contralateral

A

on opposite sides of the body

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11
Q

midclavicular line

A

the sagittal plane through the midpoint of the clavicle

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12
Q

ventral body cavity

A

consists of the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities

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13
Q

dorsal body cavity

A

consists of the vertebral and cranial cavities

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14
Q

vertebral level of the sternal angle (sternomanubrial joint)

A

T4/5

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15
Q

vertebral level of the summit of the iliac crest

A

L4

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16
Q

transverse plane through L4

A

intercristal plane

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17
Q

vertebral level of the xiphisternal joint (inferior part of sternum)

A

T9

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18
Q

bones of the upper limb girdle

A

scapula and clavicle

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19
Q

bones of the lower limb girdle

A

ilium, pubis, ischium

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20
Q

function of compact bone

A

provides strength for weight bearing

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21
Q

function of trabecular (spongy) bone

A

spicules (gaps) contain blood vessels which carry nutrients and bone marrow which produces blood cells

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22
Q

periosteum

A

membrane covering outside of compact bone, delivers blood and nutrients to the bone

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23
Q

endosteum

A

membrane covering inside of compact bone

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24
Q

appositional bone growth

A

increase in width, new bone is added from the periosteum onto the existing bone

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25
Q

interstitial bone growth

A

increase in length by cell division in the epiphysial growth plate

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26
Q

function of a sesamoid bone

A

protects tendons from excessive wear

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27
Q

function of ligaments

A

stabilise joints

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28
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

ossification withing the embryological connective tissue membrane, forms flat bones of the skull, face, jaw and centre of the clavicle

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29
Q

endochondral ossification

A

an initial hyaline cartilage model of the bone becomes replaced by bone, forms most bones in the body, mostly long bones

30
Q

primary cartilaginous (synchrondosis) joint structure

A

bone - hyaline cartilage - bone

31
Q

secondary cartilagenous (symphysis) joint structure

A

bone - hyaline cartilage - fibrous cartilage - hyaline cartilage - bone

32
Q

x-ray, best at imaging

A

bone

33
Q

barium studies, best at imaging

A

organs

34
Q

CT, best at imaging

A

tissue

35
Q

ultrasound, best at imaging

A

soft tissue

36
Q

MRI, best at imaging

A

water

37
Q

anatomical variation

A

difference in anatomical structures that is not regarded as a disease

38
Q

anatomical anomaly

A

marked deviation from the average, often a congenital defect

39
Q

condyle

A

rounded area at the end of a bone for articulation with another bone

40
Q

crest

A

prominent ridge of a bone, e.g. iliac crest

41
Q

epicondyle

A

rounded projection superior to the condyle where ligaments and tendons attach

42
Q

facet

A

a smooth flat area, usually covered with cartilage where a bone articulates with another bone. e.g. articular facets of a vertebra

43
Q

foramen

A

passage through a bone, through which nerves and blood vessels pass

44
Q

fossa

A

shallow/depressed area in a bone

45
Q

line/linea

A

low linear elevation

46
Q

malleolus

A

rounded prominence, e.g. on either side of the ankle from the tibia and fibula

47
Q

notch

A

indentation at the edge of a bone

48
Q

process

A

a projecting, spine-like part. e.g the spinous process of a vertebra

49
Q

Protuberance

A

a projection of bone

50
Q

spine

A

thorn-like process, e.g. spine of the scapula

51
Q

tubercle

A

small raised eminence for attachment of a tendon

52
Q

tuberosity

A

a large rounded elevation where a muscle or tendon is attached

53
Q

long bones

A

tubular structures, e.g. humerus, phalanges

54
Q

short bones

A

cuboidal, only found in the ankle (tarsus) and wrist (carpus)

55
Q

flat bones

A

usually serve protective functions e.g. cranium

56
Q

irregular bones

A

have shapes other than long, short and flat. e.g bones in the face.

57
Q

functions of the skeleton

A 
protection
support
mechanical basis for movement
storage for salts
a continuous supply of new blood cells
58
Q

types of fibrous joints

A

suture - e.g. in skull
gomphosis - e.g. between tooth and alveolar process
syndesmosis - e.g. between radius and ulna

-articulating joints are joined by fibrous tissue

59
Q

synovial pivot joint

A

a rounded process fits into a bony ligamentous socket, e.g. the atlanto-axial joint
-uniaxial

60
Q

synovial ball and socket joint

A

a rounded head fits into a concavity, e.g. hip joint

-multiaxial

61
Q

synovial condyloid joint

A

permits flexion+extension, abduction+adduction and circumduction e.g. metacarpophalangeal joint (first knuckle)
-biaxial

62
Q

synovial saddle joint

A

saddle shaped heads permit movement in two planes, e.g. carpometacarpal joint (first thumb joint)
-biaxial

63
Q

synovial hinge joint

A

permits flexion and extension only e.g radio-ulnar joint (elbow)
-uniaxial

64
Q

synovial plane joint

A

permit gliding or sliding movements, e.g. acromioclavicular joint (btw clavicle and scapula)
-usually uniaxial

65
Q

dorsiflexion

A

flex toes to sky

66
Q

plantar flexion

A

point toes to floor

67
Q

opposition of thumb

A

bring thumb to touch pinky finger (keeping thumb straight)

68
Q

reposition of thumb

A

bring thumb away from pinky finger (keeping thumb straight)

69
Q

red bone marrow

A

produces RBCs, most WBCs and platelets. all bone marrow is red at birth, found in flat bones and in the trabecular bone in long bones.

70
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

high number of fat cells, produces some WBCs. increases with age, found in the medullary cavity of long bones

Z Medicine Term 1 (8 decks)

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