Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro DRx > 01b: SC lesions > Flashcards

01b: SC lesions Flashcards

1
Q

Brown-sequard syndrome occurs with (X) injury. What are the classic symptoms?

A

X = hemisection of SC

Ipislateral paralysis and loss of touch/vibration
Contralateral loss of Pain and T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hemisection of SC at T1. What symptoms seen at the level of injury (T1)?

A

Loss of all sensory and motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Syringomyelia is classical cause of (X) syndrome. The first symptom is classically loss of (Y) in which distribution pattern?

A 
X = central cord (cavitation of central portion of SC)
Y = pain/T (preserved touch) due to interruption of decussating fibers

Cape-like distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Syringomyelia begins at which level of SC?

A

Lower cervical region (then extends upwards and downwards)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F: Syringomyelia spares motor function.

A

False - as cavitation extends, damages anterior horn cells (muscle weakness and absent reflexes in arms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Poliomyelitis is (virus/bacteria) with very strong affinity for (X).

A

Virus

X = LMN (anterior horn cells and lower CN motor neurons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F: Sensation is preserved in poliomyelitis.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ALS affects (sensory/motor) neurons in (SC/brainstem/cortex).

A

Pure motor neuron disease (UMN and LMN);

All

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F: All ALS cases are familial (AD inheritance).

A

False - only 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ALS is due to mutation of (X).

A

X = superoxide dismutase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most common initial presentation of ALS:

A

weakness in distal extremities (then spreads proximally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are DTRs altered in ALS?

A

Can be either diminished or enhanced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: Babinski sign is present in ALS.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F: Sensation is preserved in poliomyelitis.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F: Mental status is preserved in poliomyelitis.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s “combined system disease” aka Subacute Combined Degeneration?

A

Neuro manifestation of pernicious anemia (vit B12 deficiency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Combined System Disease/Subacute Combined Degeneration usually causes decreased (X) and (diminished/enhanced) reflexes.

A

X = vibration and joint perception

Diminished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F: Folate supplementation corrects both pernicious anemia and associated neuro defects (combined system disease).

A

False - only anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tabes dorsalis is a(n) (early/late) manifestation of (X) that damages (Y) portion of (cortex/SC/brainstem).

A

Late
X = syphilis
Y = dorsal roots/columns
SC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the symptoms/signs of Tabes Dorsalis?

A
  1. Marked loss of sensation/joint perception
  2. Shooting radicular pain
  3. Romberg sign
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

All CNs have ipislateral targets except:

A

CN IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Corticospinal tract crosses in:

A

Lower medulla (pyramidal decussation)

23
Q

Patient with R side ptosis, midriasis, lateral deviation likely has (R/L) side hemiplegia and a lesion affecting which part of brainstem?

A

L (contralateral);

Rostral midbrain (affecting both oculomotor nucleus and pyramidal tract)

24
Q

When cranial nerves III and IV are affected on the same eye, the lesion is in (X) part of brainstem and (contralateral/ipsilateral) to the affected eye.

A

X = outside of brainstem!

Ipsilateral

25
Q

Patient with upper cervical cord lesion has lost (sensation/motor/pain) to the face. Which (nucleus/nerve) has been affected by lesion?

A

Pain;
Nucleus;
Descending trigeminal nucleus (pain/T); extends from mid-pons to upper cervical cord (C2-3)

26
Q

Symptoms of CN VI and VII palsy indicates (ventral/dorsal) (X) lesion.

A

Dorsal

X = pons

27
Q

Symptoms of CN VI palsy and (ipsi/contra)-lateral hemiparesis indicates lesion in which part of brainstem?

A

Contralateral;

Ventral/anterior pons

28
Q

Patient with R tongue paralysis may have (R/L) hemiparesis due to lesion in (R/L) (X) part of brianstem.

A

L;
R
X = medial (ventral) medulla

29
Q

Superior rectus and inferior rectus turn eye up/down when eye is turned (in/out).

A

Out;

superior/inferior obliques work when eye is turned in

30
Q

T/F: Superior oblique turns eye downward when it’s facing in (toward nose).

A

True

31
Q

You turn your eyes to the R. Your (R/L) (X) nucleus activates both (med/lat) rectus muscle and (R/L) (Y) nucleus via (Z) fasciculus to activate (med/lat) rectus.

A 
R
X = abducens
Lateral;
L
Y = oculomotor
Z = medial longitudinal
Medial (of L eye)
32
Q

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) refers to lesion affecting (X).

A

X = medial longitudinal fasciculus

33
Q

Patient with R INO can’t move R eye (inward/outward) when asked to look (R/L). What does the L eye do?

A

Inward
L
Nystagmus

34
Q

Interomediolateral SC column contains (X) and fibers exist as (Y). This occurs only at which levels of the spinal cord?

A 
X = SNS pre-ganglionic cell bodies
Y = white rami communicantes (sympathetic pre-ganglion is fibers)

T1-L2

35
Q

Bilateral INO is pathognomonic of:

A

MS

36
Q

Artery of Adamkiewicz arises (directly/indirectly) from aorta and supplies (upper/lower) (X)% of SC via (Y) branch.

A

Indirectly;
Upper
X = 67 (2/3)
Y = anterior spinal artery

37
Q

Anterior spinal artery syndrome: which main tracts affected?

A

Corticospinal and spinothalamic

38
Q

Anterior spinal artery syndrome: which main tracts spared?

A

Dorsal column (DCML)

39
Q

Parasympathetic presynaptic neuron cell bodies located in (X) of SC at which levels?

A

X = intermediolateral cell column

CN nuclei and S2-4

40
Q

Gray rami communicantes exit at (X) levels of SC and carry (Y) fibers.

A 
X = every
Y = post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve (From paravertebral ganglia)
41
Q

White rami communicantes exit at (X) levels of SC and carry (Y) fibers.

A 
X = T1-L2
Y = sympathetic pre-ganglionic (from SC to paravertebral ganglia)
42
Q

Damage to (X) will cause ipsilateral Horner’s Syndrome due to loss of (symp/parasymp) fibers.

A

X = superior cervical ganglion

Sympathetic

43
Q

Horner’s Syndrome triad:

A

Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

44
Q

T/F: LMNs arise from brainstem and SC.

A

True

45
Q

UMN connection with LMN is (direct/indirect).

A

Both direct and indirect (via Renshaw cells)

46
Q

Atrophy of muscle is seen in (UMN/LMN) lesion.

A

LMN

47
Q

Flaccid weakness of muscle is seen in (UMN/LMN) lesion.

A

LMN mainly, but also seen initially in acute UMN lesion (followed by spastic weakness)

48
Q

Fasciculations of muscle is seen in (UMN/LMN) lesion.

A

LMN

49
Q

Hyperreflexia seen in (UMN/LMN) lesion.

A

UMN (LMN has depressed/absent DTRs)

50
Q

Sensory deficit/pain seen in (UMN/LMN) lesion.

A

Neither

51
Q

Disc herniation at C8: (UMN/LMN) deficits above C8, (UMN/LMN) deficits at C8, and (UMN/LMN) deficits below C8.

A

No deficits above;
LMN at C8 (disc compressing motor fibers as they leave cord);
UMN below C8 (disc compressing SC)

52
Q

Patient presenting with balance/walking issues. If you see PHx of gastric surgery/weight loss, what neuro issue immediately comes to mind?

A

Subacute Combined Degeneration (due to long-standing Vit B12 deficiency)

53
Q

Subacute Combined Degeneration: which tracts are degenerating? Why?

A
  1. Dorsal column
  2. Lateral and anterior corticospinal

Two of the most heavily myelinated tracks in SC and B12 plays role in myelin production

Neuro DRx (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions