Cholinergic - Muscarinic

Question 1

mAChRs increase the intracellular concentration of which ion(s)?

Answer 1

Ca2+

Question 2

nAChRs increase the intracellular concentration of which ion(s)?

Answer 2

K+ and Na+

Question 3

What is atropine?

Answer 3

mAChR antagonist

Question 4

Name an nAChR antagonist

Answer 4

Hexamethonium

Question 5

Which is the most sensitive type of AChR?

Answer 5

mAChRs

Question 6

What are the locations and functions of mAChRs?

Answer 6

Smooth muscle in eye, bronchi, GI tract, bladder - innervated - contraction
Smooth muscle in most blood vessels - not innervated - vasodilation
Salivary, GI tract, sweat, lactimal glands - innervated - secretion
Atrial muscle - innervated - slows conduction and contraction rate

Question 7

Why is ACh not used a drug?

Answer 7

Quickly hydrolysed

Question 8

Which drug is an agonist for nAChRs and mAChRs?

Answer 8

Carbachol

Question 9

Name 2 mAChR agonists

Answer 9

Bethanechol

Pilocarpine

Question 10

What are the physiological effects of atropine?

Answer 10

Antiemetic
Less Parkinsonian tremor
Pupil dilation
Paralysis of accommodation - blurred vision
Increased intraocular pressure
Reduced secretions - dry mouth
Smooth muscle relaxation - constipation
Increased cardiac contraction rate
Urinary retention

Question 11

Name an mAChR antagonist used for retinal examination and its effects

Answer 11

Tropicamide

Mydriasis and ciliary paralysis

Question 12

Name a drug used to treat asthma and describe its action

Answer 12

Tiotropium
mAChR antagonist
Bronchi smooth muscle relaxation