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EDC 503 > Ch 4 (Theories of Counseling) > Flashcards

Ch 4 (Theories of Counseling) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of theoretical perspectives?

A

Provide framework for conceptualizing problems and determining interventions

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2
Q

What are ethical considerations of applying theories in practice?

A
  • one size does NOT fit all (cultural and individual considerations)
  • choose empirically sound theories/methods
  • self-reflection, be intentional
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3
Q

What are the main theoretical paradigms?

A
  1. Psychodynamic
  2. Humanism/existentialism
  3. Behavioral/Cognitive Behavioral
  4. Family Systems/Post-Modern
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4
Q

Psychodynamic Paradigm Theories

A

Insight-oriented, analytic, deterministic, subconscious focus.

  1. Psychoanalysis
  2. Adlerian
  3. Ego Psychology, Object-Relations
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5
Q

Humanistic/Existential Paradigm Theories

A

Relationship-oriented, present & future focused, freedom & responsibility, goodness & worth, empasize anxiety, freedom, values, responsibility, goodness & worth

  1. Person Centered/Rogerian
  2. Existential
  3. Gestalt
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6
Q

Behavioral/Cognitive Behavioral Paradigm Theories

A

Action-oriented, pursue specific changes in thought and behavior, observable progress.

  1. Behavioral
  2. Cognitive Behavioral (CBT)
  3. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
  4. Reality Therapy & Choice Theory
  5. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
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7
Q

Family Systems/Post-Modern Paradigm Theories

A

Systems-oriented, interactice

  1. Family Systems
  2. Narrative
  3. Constructionist
  4. Feminist
  5. Interpersonal Psychotherapy
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8
Q

Psychoanalytic Therapy

A
  • problems: arise from early childhood
  • goal: bring unconscious to conscious, develop insight
  • techniques: “blank screen”/transference, dream analysis
  • counselor role: expert/teacher
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9
Q

Adlerian Therapy

A
  • problems: issues in social interest, early childhood (but not deterministic)
  • goal: holistic, increase growth and social connection
  • techniques: genogram, values clarification
  • counselor role: teacher/educator
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10
Q

Person-Centered Therapy

A
  • problems: low self-actualization; basic needs/need for approval not met
  • goal: increase self regard
  • techniques: build relationship (core conditions), reflection, active listening
  • counselor role: guide, client is expert
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11
Q

Existential Therapy

A
  • problems: anxieties, lack of meaning
  • goal: pursue meaning and goals, come to terms with anxieties about universals of life
  • techniques: here-and-now focus, socratic dialogue
  • counselor: open & authentic, cautious self-disclosure
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12
Q

Gestalt Therapy

A
  • problems: not moving towards wholeness/self-actualization; “unfinished business”
  • goal:confront inconsistencies, correct misconceptions, have client take responsibility
  • techniques: empty chair, role play, role reversal
  • counselor: help client identify and pursue needs/goals
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13
Q

Behavioral Therapy

A
  • problems: behaviors cause/reinforces thoughts & feelings
  • goal: learn more adaptive behaviors, identify triggers; response maintenance for new behaviors
  • techniques: modeling, behavior rehearsal, role-play, token economy
  • counselor: highly directive; teaches, facilitates & conditions
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14
Q

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

A
  • problems: inaccurate automatic thought patterns/schemas affect feelings and behaviors
  • goal: challenge and change cognitive distortions
  • techniques: HW, cognitive restructuring, thought identification
  • counselor: active and directive
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15
Q

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

A
  • problems: reciprocal relationship between thoughts, feelings & behavior; people have problems because of how they interpret things (irrationally)/”shoulds”
  • goal: minimize negative emotions and behaviors, change thinking patterns; self & other acceptance
  • techniques: challenge irrational beliefs and replace with irrational (Activating event Belief Consequence Dispute Evaluate)
  • counselor: active, mildly confrontational
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16
Q

Reality Therapy/Choice Theory

A
  • problems: choosing total behaviors that don’t match quality world/basic needs (love & belonging, freedom, fun, survival, power)
  • goal: address current problem, have total behaviors match quality world, increase accountability
  • techniques: humor, paradox, skillful questioning
  • counselor: active, teach & encourage
17
Q

Solution Focused Brief Therapy

A
  • problems: 3 basic musts (inaassumptions
  • goal: fix current problems, small positive changes lead to big ones
  • techniques: exception questions, miracle question, goal scaling, flagging the minefield
  • counselor: directive but collaborative, not expert
18
Q

Family Systems Paradigm

A
  • problems: family (differentiation of self, triangulation, emotional cutoff, social learning, etc)
  • goal: increase functioning of system or client and client within system
  • techniques: genogram, differentiation, I statements
  • counselor: interactive, family is expert
19
Q

Narrative Therapy/Constructivist Theory

A
  • problems: subjective construction of reality
  • goal: reconstruct client’s perspective on life story
  • techniques: questioning, investigating, sparkling moments, reframing (problem is separate from person)
  • counselor: collaborative, recognize clients personal constructs/belief systems, find inconsistencies
20
Q

Feminist Theory

A
  • problems: systems of power and oppression
  • goal: recognize interaction between systems of power and client, brainstorm ways to reduce their effects
  • techniques: gender-role analysis, address societal perceptions
  • counselor: support, respect, value culture/experience
21
Q

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

A
  • problems: interpersonal relationships/communication (attachment, communication & social theories)
  • goal: relieve symptoms, examine conflict/loss in relationships, establish clients need to seek out positive social supports
  • techniques: therapeutic alliance, communication analysis, role play, content & process
  • counselor: collaborative, here and now focus
22
Q

What should you consider in applying theory to practice?

A
  1. view of human nature
  2. goals of counseling
  3. role of counselor
  4. techniques/approaches used
23
Q

Integrative vs Eclectic

A

Eclectic is more “haphazard”; integrative involves being flexible in working with each individual/concern and is more intentionally tailored to each client

EDC 503 (13 decks)

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