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AU17 - Dental Materials 3 Final > Biocompatibility of Dental Materials > Flashcards

Biocompatibility of Dental Materials Flashcards

1
Q

Three uses for Methacrylate materials in dentistry and medicine.

A
  1. dental composite
  2. bone cement
  3. adhesives
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2
Q

What are the common monomers used for methacrylate materials?

A 
MMA
BisGMA
TEGDMA
BisEMA
HEMA

(…or blah, blah, blah, blah)

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3
Q

________ - the ability of a material to function in a specific application in the presence of appropriate host response

A

biocompatibility

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4
Q

True or False: Biocompatibility means inert to the body.

A

False, that was previously desired but now we want a POSITIVE interaction, not inert

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5
Q

What are the classifications of various tissue reactions (3)?

A

none (bioinert)
positive
negative

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6
Q

True or False: Reactions can take years to manifest and are difficult to detect.

A

True

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7
Q

Multiple exposures result in huge _____.

A

permutations

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8
Q

What are three examples of positive interactions?

A

promote healing
integration with tissue
restoration of function

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9
Q

What are five examples of negative interactions?

A 
tissue necrosis
allergic reaction
immune reaction
systemic toxicity
mutagenicity
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10
Q

Materials function in 1 of 5 ways. What are the five functionalities?

A
  • functional
  • restorative/structural
  • esthetic
  • drug delivery
  • scaffolding/tissue engineering

(FRED’S 5 ways)

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11
Q

Which agencies set standards for regulatory compliance?

A

FDA
EU (European Union?)
ISO/ADA

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12
Q

How is a material’s biocompatibility determined?

A

cell culture
animal testing
clinical testing

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13
Q

True or False: Cell culture tests are lower cost.

A

True

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14
Q

True or False: Cell culture tests can model in vivo resposes of a material

A

True

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15
Q

To detect a 0.1% incident rate, how many patients are needed?

A

4000

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16
Q

Cell culture tests measure _____ interactions.

A

specific (particular cell lines are used)

17
Q

True or False: Cell cultures allow for large, quick screenings.

A

True

18
Q

What is a major downfall for cell cultures?

A

only testing one cell line, difficult to model immune response or long term effects

19
Q

Which type of cell culture is better at modeling in vivo conditions?

A

primary cell cultures

permanent are less variable

20
Q

______ is determined by measuring cell viability in the presence of a given material.

A

cytotoxicity

21
Q

The cell number and growth test observes cell _____ as a function of _____ to the material.

A

density

proximity

22
Q

The MTT Test measures the activity of ____ in the cell.

A

an enzyme

  1. MTT (yellow) added
  2. Cell reduces MTT to Formazan (blue color)
  3. measure Formazan by UV-vis
  4. high concentration of Formazan = high cell action
23
Q

True or False: The Alamar Blue Test is a destructive measure of cell metabolism.

A

False, non-destructive

24
Q

True or False: Metabolic tests are an indirect measure of cell viability.

A

True, resting cells don’t show activity and few cells of high or low activity can skew results as a whole

25
Q

What is “splat deposition” and what is it used for?

A

injected powder particles are melted into plasma and impact substrate at high velocity

used for HA coating on implants

26
Q

True or False: Splat deposition results in incomplete coalescence of particular regions

A

True, gives the surface high texture (some say porosity)

27
Q

True or False: Surface roughness improves integration.

A

True

28
Q

True or False: Thick calcium phosphate appears to have a detrimental effect.

A

False, is not detrimental, but thin calcium phosphate appears to have a benefit over thick

29
Q

True or False: The most significant issue with metal alloys is leaching of ions from corroding metal.

A

True, but it is not a systemic concern

30
Q

What is estrogenicity?

A

the concept that certain chemicals can act as estrogen or other hormones and will disrupt the endocrine system

31
Q

True or False: TEGMA and HEMA can cause apoptosis.

A

True!

the pathway is uncertain and it is concentration dependent

32
Q

A possible mechanism for TEGMA/HEMA caused apoptosis is the increase in _____.

A

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

33
Q

True or False: Composites, Polymer Surfaces, and Leached Monomers can influence growth and regulation of bacteria and fungus.

A

True

34
Q

Hydro_____ monomers inhibit bacterial growth.

A

phobic

35
Q

Which monomers leach at a greater rate and cause bacterial growth? (hydrophilic vs hydrophobic)

A

hydrophilic

36
Q

In the study of curing levels compared to bacterial colonization, the results showed…?

A

higher curing power (800) and longer cure time (80s) resulted in lower bacteria density

AU17 - Dental Materials 3 Final (6 decks)

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