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ICT A2 > 09 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) > Flashcards

09 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Flashcards

1
Q

Define the SDLC.

A

A SDLC is “a sequence of activities that are performed when a system is analysed designed and implemented”. This cycle is repeated as the software is updated and improved from time to time.

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2
Q

What are the stages of SDLC?

A
  1. Investigation
  2. Analysis
  3. Design
  4. Implementation
  5. Maintenance
  6. Evaluation
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3
Q

What four methods does a Systems Analyst use to gather information during the investigation phase?

A
  • Questionnaires given to employees, managers or customers
  • Interviews with managers and a few key employees and customers
  • Observation of employees doing their normal day-to-day work
  • Reading of documents and reports
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4
Q

What is adaptive maintenance?

A

Adaptive maintenance makes changes to the system to meet the changing needs of the business or organisation. I.e. as a company grows more employees might use the application than was expected. So the system may need more processing power to allow for this.

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5
Q

What is perfective maintenance?

A

Perfective maintenance improves the performance of the system after it has been implemented. For example, the database developer provides an upgrade that makes queries run faster.

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6
Q

What is corrective maintenance?

A

Corrective maintenance fixes bugs in the software that were not discovered during testing. For example, the software developer provides security patches that fix vulnerabilities.

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7
Q

How does a Systems Analyst use in-depth interviews during the investigation phase of the SDLC?

A

The analyst conducts interviews with managers, senior operations staff and the biggest customers and suppliers using both open and closed questions.

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8
Q

What is an advantage of using in-depth interviews during the investigation phase of the SDLC?

A

Interviews can reveal information the analyst had not considered. The analyst has the opportunity to ask follow-up questions and to request deeper explanation.

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9
Q

What is a disadvantage of using in-depth interviews during the investigation phases of the SDLC?

A
  • Conducting interviews can be time consuming

* Results are qualitative, difficult to analyse and often cannot be represented in charts.

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10
Q

What is an advantage of using questionnaires during the investigation phase of the SDLC?

A
  • Questionnaires are most effective when given to a large number of people, so that quantitative statistics can be produced
  • Questionnaires are an efficient way of obtaining information from a large number of employees or customers, especially if they are in different locations.
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11
Q

What is a disadvantage of using questionnaires during the investigation phase of the SDLC?

A

• Questions are fixed in advance - respondents cannot respond to clarify. Staff may not return questionnaires or not fill them in accurately.

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12
Q

What four aspects should be considered in the design stage of the SDLC?

A
  • House style
  • Hardware specification
  • Structures (i.e. database tables and fields)
  • User interface
  • Output reports
  • Networks
  • Staffing issues
  • Security processes
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13
Q

A Systems Analyst has four choices of changeover strategy when a new IT system is introduced. Name them.

A
  • Direct changeover
  • Parallel changeover
  • Phased changeover
  • Pilot changeover
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14
Q

State an advantage and a disadvantage of direct changeover strategy.

A
  • Advantage - Simplest and least costly
  • Disadvantage - High risk. If new system doesn’t work perfectly the first time the company could face serious financial consequences.
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15
Q

State an advantage and a disadvantage of parallel changeover of IT systems.

A
  • Advantage - Lower risk. If the new system doesn’t run properly, the old system is still running.
  • Disadvantage - Cost of running two infrastructures may be high. Also, data must be entered and processed in two locations which is inefficient.
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16
Q

State an advantage and a disadvantage of phased changeover.

A
  • Advantage - IT consultants are able to deal with a smaller number of issues as they arise
  • Disadvantage - Only an option if the system can be broke down into modules.
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17
Q

State an advantage and a disadvantage of pilot changeover.

A
  • Advantage - Lowers risk so if something goes wrong it only affects one location.
  • Disadvantage - Takes the longest to implement and the system isn’t being tested at full scale.
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18
Q

Describe direct changeover of IT systems.

A

Direct changeover means the old system is switched off as the new system is powered up.

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19
Q

Describe parallel changeover of IT systems.

A

Parallel changeover means the new and old systems are run at the same time until the new system is ready to take over.

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20
Q

Describe phased changeover of IT systems.

A

Phased changeover means individual modules of the system are implemented one at a time

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21
Q

Describe pilot changeover of IT systems.

A

Pilot changeover means the system is tested in one or a few locations rather than in the whole company.

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22
Q

“A sequence of activities that are performed when a system is analysed, designed and implemented.” is the definition of what?

A

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

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23
Q

Analysis is which stage of the SDLC?

A

Second

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24
Q

Evaluation is which stage of the SDLC?

A

Sixth

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25
Q

Maintenance is which stage of the SDLC?

A

Fifth

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26
Q

Implementation is which stage of the SDLC?

A

Fourth

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27
Q

Investigation is which stage of the SDLC?

A

First

28
Q

Design is which stage of the SDLC?

A

Third

29
Q

What are the four methods used to gather information?

A
  • Questionnaires
  • Interviews
  • Observation
  • Documentation
30
Q

Questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation are used during which stage of the SDLC?

A

Investigation.

31
Q

What method is most effective when given to a large number of people, so that quantitative statistics can be produced?

A

Questionnaires

32
Q

What is an effective way of obtaining information from a large number of employees or customers?

A

Questionnaires

33
Q

What can reveal information the analyst had not considered?

A

In-depth interviews.

34
Q

What can be time consuming if done in-depth?

A

Interviews

35
Q

What qualitative results can be difficult to analyse and often cannot be represented in charts?

A

In-depth interviews

36
Q

Questions being fixed in advance meaning respondents cannot respond to clarify the questions is a disadvantage of what?

A

Questionnaires.

37
Q

What fixes bugs in the software that were not discovered during testing?

A

Corrective maintenance.

38
Q

What makes changes to the system to meet the changing needs of the business or organisation?

A

Adaptive maintenance.

39
Q

What improves the performance of the system after it has been implemented?

A

Perfective maintenance

40
Q

House style is an aspect that should be considered in what stage of the SDLC?

A

Design stage

41
Q

Hardware specification is an aspect that should be considered in what stage of the SDLC?

A

Design stage

42
Q

Structures is an aspect that should be considered in what stage of the SDLC?

A

Design stage

43
Q

User interface is an aspect that should be considered in what stage of the SDLC?

A

Design stage

44
Q

Output report is an aspect that should be considered in what stage of the SDLC?

A

Design stage

45
Q

Networks is an aspect that should be considered in what stage of the SDLC?

A

Design stage

46
Q

Staffing issues is an aspect that should be considered in what stage of the SDLC?

A

Design stage

47
Q

Security processes is an aspect that should be considered in what stage of the SDLC?

A

Design stage

48
Q

Direct changeover is a method used when?

A

A new IT system is introduced

49
Q

Parallel changeover is a method used when?

A

A new IT system is introduced

50
Q

Pilot changeover is a method used when?

A

A new IT system is introduced

51
Q

Phased changeover is a method used when?

A

A new IT system is introduced

52
Q

The old system being switched off as the new one is powered up is the description of which changeover method?

A

Direct changeover

53
Q

New and old systems being run at the same time until the new system is ready to take over is the description of which changeover method?

A

Parallel changeover

54
Q

Individual modules of the system being implemented one at a time is the description of which changeover method?

A

Phased changeover

55
Q

The system being tested in one or a few locations rather than in the whole company is the description of which changeover method?

A

Pilot changeover

56
Q

Which changeover method is the simplest and least costly?

A

Direct changeover

57
Q

Which changeover method runs at lower risk so if the new system doesn’t work, the old one is still running?

A

Parallel changeover

58
Q

Which changeover method means IT consultants are able to deal with a smaller number of issues as they arise?

A

Phased changeover

59
Q

Which changeover method lowers risk so if something goes wrong it only affects one location?

A

Pilot changeover

60
Q

Which changeover method is of the highest risk so if the new system doesn’t work perfectly the first time the company could face serious financial consequences?

A

Direct changeover

61
Q

Which changeover method is the most expensive due to running two infrastructures at the same time?

A

Parallel changeover

62
Q

Which changeover method is only an option if the system can be broken down into modules?

A

Phased changeover

63
Q

Which changeover method takes the longest to implement?

A

Pilot changeover

64
Q

Which changeover method is the least efficient as data has to be entered and processed in two locations?

A

Parallel changeover

65
Q

Which changeover method means the system isn’t being tested to its full scale?

A

Pilot changeover.

ICT A2 (9 decks)

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