Collectivisation Flashcards
What were the two different types of farms in collectivisation?
Sovkhoz.
Kolkhoz.
What happened in Sovkhoz farms?
Peasants got a regular wage and the state takes the grain.
What happened at Kolkhoz farms?
Workers didn’t receive a wage but peasants were allowed to keep one acre of land to live off.
When were all farms collectivised?
1941
Why was collectivisation introduced?
4
Grain procurement crisis.
Bukharin’s position was weakening so Stalin’s policy’s we’re propelled forward.
Russia was 100 years behind other countries.
Crush kulaks.
What were some of the successes of collectivisation?
6
By 1941 100% of farms were collectivised.
2,500 MTS were established.
Grain procurement exceeded pre-collectivisation levels in 1935.
The soviet regime had political control over the countryside for the first time.
Kulaks destroyed.
Stalin won the power struggle.
What were some of the failures of collectivisation?
4
Widespread and violent opposition.
Peasants had little incentive to work hard as there was no reward.
Drought and famine killed millions and some peasants resorted to cannibalism to survive.
Many farms weren’t mechanised by 1938.
How did peasants protest collectivisation?
Burned crops and killed their livestock.
In 1928 the USSR has 70.5 million cattle but by 1935 this had reduced to 49.3 million.
How many peasants died from the famine of 1932 to 1934?
Estimated 7 million.
How many lorries were there in the USSR by the end of 1938?
196,000 in the USSR compared to over 1 million in the USA.
