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Microbiology Exam 4 > Lecture 19 > Flashcards

Lecture 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Single Microbe

A

Causes a particular disease

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2
Q

Vibrio Cholera

A

Causes cholera

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3
Q

Influenza

A

Causes the flu

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4
Q

Disease

A

Many different microbial causes

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5
Q

Conjuctivitis

A

Caused by many bacteria and virus

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6
Q

Meningitis

A

caused by many different bacteria and viruses

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7
Q

Viral Meningitis

A

Causes:

  1. Enterovirus (most common)
  2. Herpes
  3. Influenza
  4. Rubella
  5. Coxsackie
  6. EBV
  7. Adenorvirus
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8
Q

Viral Meningitis

A

Most common infection of the CNS in under 1 year olds

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9
Q

Symbiosis

A

Association of two or more different species of organisms.

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10
Q

Organisms living together

A

Symbiosis

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11
Q

In symbiosis one member of the pair benefits from the relationship. The other may:

A

Injured
Unaffected
or may benifit

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12
Q

a microbe is

A

Symbiont

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13
Q

Larger Organism

A

Host

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14
Q

Ectosymbiont

A

Organism located on the surface of another organism. (example is the skin)

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15
Q

Endosymbiont

A

Organism located WITHIN another organism. (example bacteria in gut)

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16
Q

Consortium

A

Hosts have more than one associated symbiont

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17
Q

Mutualism

A

Some reciprocal benefit to both partners.
There is obligation.
Partners usually cannot live separately.
Codependent.

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18
Q

Example of mutualism

A

Aphids and Buchnera aphidicola. The insects consume sap and microbe inside insect provides vitamins and amino acids

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19
Q

Example of mutualism

A

Termites and protozoan symbiont. Termites eat the wood and protozoan digests the cellulose and provides nutrients for termite.

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20
Q

Protozoan-Termite Relationship

A

Bacteria in termite gut that aid in the protozoan symbiont.
Protozoan relies on bacterial symbionts.
Bacteria TG1 and spirochetes

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21
Q

The Rumen Ecosystem

A

Ruminants: animals have stomach divided into four compartments that can break down and acquire nutrients from plants by putting it into special compartment.

22
Q

Rumen

A

Upper part of the ruminant stomach, contains large, diverse population of microbes.

23
Q

Ruminants and microbial community

A

mutualistic relationship. The bacteria produce extracellular cellulase that breaks up cellulose into D-glucose.

24
Q

Cooperation

A

relationship that benefits both organisms. It differs from mutualism because a cooperative relationship is not obligatory. (syntrophic)

25
Q

Syntrophic

A

One species lives off the products of another species. (involves Carbon and nitrogen/sulfur cycles)

26
Q

Commensalism

A

Undirectional.

One organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped.

27
Q

Commensal

A

Organism that benefits.

28
Q

Examples of Commensalism

A

Nitrification

29
Q

Examples of Commensalism

A

The environment is altered by one species making it favorable for another

30
Q

Predation

A

One organism gains (predator) and the other is harmed (prey). The predator attacks and kills the prey

31
Q

Bdellovibrio

A

Penetrates cell wall, grows outside plasma membrane in periplasm

32
Q

Vampirococcus

A

Epibiotic mode of attacking prey, living on surface

33
Q

Daptobacter

A

Penetrates prey then directly consumes the cytoplasmic contents

34
Q

Myxococcus (wolf pack)

A

Cells use gliding motility to creep and overtake their prey and release degradtive enzymes

35
Q

Parasitism

A

one organism gains and the other is harmed, typically the host is not killed. There is some level of co-existence.

36
Q

Co-existence

A

In between commensalism (no harm to host) and predation (kills host)

37
Q

Successful Parasites

A

Evolved to co-exist in equilibrium with their hosts.

38
Q

Ammensalism

A

Association between two organisms where one organisms is inhibited and the other is unaffected.

39
Q

Antibiosis

A

Based on the release of a specific compound (fungi and bacteria antibiotic production)

40
Q

Competition

A

Occurs when two organisms try to acquire or use the same resource

41
Q

One organism dominates

A

Stronger organism reproduces more and out competes weaker organism

42
Q

Two organisms share the resource

A

Both survive at lower populations

43
Q

Human-Microbe Interactions

A

Human body is diverse environment that has specific niches.

44
Q

Microbiota

A

All the microbes living in or on the human body

45
Q

The human body has _____ times more nucleated bacterial cells than human cells

A

10

46
Q

Microbiome

A

All the genes of the host and the microbiota

47
Q

Human Microbiome project

A

December 2007, was an attempt to define normal populations of microbes in and on human beings

48
Q

Superorganisms

A

Emerge when the gene-encoded metabolic processes of the host become integrated with those of host.

49
Q

Superorganisms

A

A blend of host and microbial trais where host and micrbobial cells co-metabolize various substrates resulting in unique product

50
Q

Normal Microbiota Interaction

A

Commensalism, Mutualism, and Cooperation

51
Q

Pathogenicity

A

Ability to produce pathological change or disease

52
Q

Pathogen

A

Any disease producing microorganism

Microbiology Exam 4 (3 decks)

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