Exam #5 chapter 16 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is one similarity between the ANS and SNS?

A

they are both motor divisions of the PNS controlling different effectors

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2
Q

where are somatic motor neuron cell bodies located?

A

in the anterior gray horn or a cranial nerve motor nucleus

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3
Q

where does a somatic motor neuron cell body’s myelinated axon extend to?

A

the skeletal muscle

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4
Q

where are autonomic motor neuron cell bodies located?

A

in the lateral gray horn or a cranial nerve nucleus

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5
Q

how many neurons reach the ANS effectors?

A

2

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6
Q

what are the 2 neurons in the ANS?

A

preganglionic and postganglionic

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7
Q

where do the 2 neurons of the ANS synapse?

A

in an autonomic ganglion

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8
Q

what is different about the pregangliotic and postgangliotic neurons?

A

the pregangliotic neuron axon is myelinated the postgangliotic is not

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9
Q

what is a difference between the ANS and SNS?

A

somatic motor neurons are always excitatory and autonomic motor neurons are either excitatory or inhibitory.

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10
Q

what are both somatic and autonomic motor neurons involved in?

A

reflexes

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11
Q

what are some ways that the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS are different? (2) (LL)

A

1) the location of the preganglionic neuron and location of their input to the CNS
2) the location of the autonomic ganglia and the relative lengths of their preganglionic and postganglionic axon (in respect to spinal cord)

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12
Q

where is the sympathetic ganglia located?

A

they are close to spinal cord making the preganglionic axon short and postganglionic axon long

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13
Q

where is the parasympathetic ganglia located?

A

far from the spinal cord making the preganglionic axon long and the postganglionic axon short

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14
Q

what is another name for the sympathetic division?

A

thoracolumbar division

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15
Q

where are the preganglionic motor neuron cell bodies located in the sympathetic division?

A

in the lateral gray horns of the T1-L2 sections of the spinal cord

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16
Q

where is the sympathetic output of the CNS?

A

in T1-L2 spinal nerves

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17
Q

where do the preganglionic motor neurons exit the spinal cord?

A

in the ventral root

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18
Q

what does the preganglionic motor neurons do after they exit the spinal cord via the ventral root?

A

enter the spinal nerve and goto the sympathetic ganglion

19
Q

where are paired sympathetic chain (paravertebral) ganglia located?

A

near the vertebrae

20
Q

where do sympathetic chain ganglia extend from?

A

from the cervical to sacral regions and are connected to each other

21
Q

how many of each ganglia are there usually in the sympahtetic division?

A

3 cervical, 11 thoracic, 4 lumbar and 4 sacral ganglia

22
Q

where are the 3 unpaired collateral (prevertebral) ganglia located?

A

on the anterior space of the abdominal aorta

23
Q

where is the abdominal aorta?

A

just anterior to the vertebral bodies

24
Q

how do all sympathetic preganglionic motor neurons enter the sympathetic chain?

A

by a short white ramus communicans from the spinal nerve

25
Q

what does the white ramus communicans contain?

A

myelinated axons

26
Q

what are the 4 routes taken by the sympathetic axons?

A

1) spinal nerve
2) sympathetic nerve
3) splanchnic nerve
4) adrenal medulla

27
Q

in the spinal nerve route what do they synapse with?

A

post ganglionic neuron whose axon extends out the spinal nerve to the effectors in the body wall

28
Q

in the spinal nerve route what does the pregangliotic neuron synapse with?

A

the postgangliotic neuron cell body in the sympathetic ganglion

29
Q

in the spinal nerve route what does the postganglionic axon enter?

A

the gray ramus communicans

30
Q

in the spinal route where does the postganglionic axon exit?

A

the ventral or dorsal rami to each effectors in the body wall

31
Q

in the sympathetic nerve route where are the effectors ?

A

in the thoracic cavity

32
Q

where does the preganglionic axon synapse with the post ganglionic axon in the sympathetic nerve route?

A

in the sympathetic chain ganglion

33
Q

where do the sympathetic nerves leave the sympathetic chain ganglia and what effectors do they travel to?

A

in the thoracic region and travel to thoracic effectors

34
Q

where do they exit during the splanchnic nerve?

A

the sympathetic ganglia

35
Q

where do they enter during the splanchnic nerve route

A

collateral ganglia

36
Q

what do they synapse with during the splanchnic nerve route?

A

postganglionic neurons whose axons extends to abdominal effectors

37
Q

where do preganglionic axons exit during the splanchnic nerve route:?

A

the sympathetic chain ganglia

38
Q

what happens after they exit the sympathetic chain ganglia during the splanchnic nerve route?

A

without synapsing in splanchnic nerves that travel to 1 of 4 collateral ganglia

39
Q

which postganglionic axons do they preganglionic axons synapse with during the splanchnic nerve route?

A

those whose axons follows autonomic nerves to effectors in the abdominal cavity

40
Q

what are the steps of the adrenal medulla route? (5) (EEEES)

A

1) exit the sympathetic ganglia without synapsing
2) enter splanchnic nerves
3) enter collateral ganglia without synapsing
4) enter the adrenal medulla
5) synapse with cells

41
Q

what does the adrenal medulla contain?

A

neural cells without axons or dendrites

42
Q

what does the adrenal medulla release?

A

epinephrine and norepinepherine which enter the bloodstream

43
Q

what doe the two hormones epinepherine and norepinepherine stimulate?

A

most sympathetic effectors