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KNSS 220 Athletic Therapy > Head and Face > Flashcards

Head and Face Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 eye movements?

A
  • Up​ ​down
  • Side​ ​to​ ​side
  • Diagonals
  • Focus​ ​on​ ​near​ ​and​ ​far​ ​away
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2
Q

What are the most important mouth movements? Why?

A
  • smile and frown

- Account​ ​for​ ​majority​ ​of​ ​muscles​ ​in​ ​lower​ ​face

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3
Q

Accessory movements of the face include…

A
  • nose,​ ​cheek,​ ​ears,​ ​eyebrows

- Most​ ​are​ ​activated​ ​when​ ​people​ ​talk​ ​to​ ​you

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4
Q

What are facial lacerations?

A
  • Cuts​ ​to​ ​the​ ​face
  • Bleeds​ ​a​ ​lot​ ​due​ ​to​ ​all​ ​of​ ​the​ ​blood​ ​vessels​ ​in​ ​the​ ​face
  • Usually​ ​occur​ ​when​ ​someone​ ​is​ ​already​ ​sweaty,​ ​or​ ​somewhere​ ​it​ ​is​ ​hard​ ​to​ ​dress​ ​the wound
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5
Q

What are the rules for stitches?

A
  • inch wide
  • inch long
  • quarter inch deep
  • can’t keep edges together
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6
Q

What do we have to keep in mind with facial lacerations?

A

Cannot​ ​have​ ​visible​ ​bleeding​ ​while​ ​you​ ​are​ ​playing​ ​sports​ ​(exception:​ ​boxing)

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7
Q

How do we manage facial lacerations?

A
  • Apply​ ​direct​ ​pressure

- Dress​ ​wound

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8
Q

What is the medical term for nose bleeds?

A

epitaxis

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9
Q

What is the MOI of nose bleeds?

A
  • due to contact or not

- most commonly from a blow to the nose

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10
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a broken nose?

A
  • Nose​ ​can​ ​look​ ​deformed
  • Racoon​ ​eyes
  • Blue​ ​and​ ​purple​ ​bruising​ ​under​ ​their​ ​eyes
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11
Q

Why do we need to go to the hospital for a broken nose?

A
  • Need​ ​to​ ​make​ ​sure​ ​channel​ ​for​ ​airway​ ​is​ ​fairly​ ​even​ ​so​ ​there​ ​is​ ​no​ ​breathing problems
  • No​ ​floating​ ​pieces
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12
Q

How do we manage nose bleeds?

A
  • Pressure
  • Ice​ ​packs​ ​to​ ​the​ ​forehead​ ​or​ ​back​ ​of​ ​the​ ​neck
  • Pinch​ ​at​ ​or​ ​just​ ​below​ ​bridge​ ​of​ ​the​ ​nose
  • Head​ ​down
  • Do​ ​not​ ​blow​ ​nose
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13
Q

Why do we not want to tilt head back for nose bleeds?

A

Blood​ ​goes​ ​down​ ​throat​ ​and​ ​into​ ​the​ ​stomach​ ​=​ ​throwing​ ​up

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14
Q

What is considered dangerous bleeding for nose bleeds? What do we do?

A
  • 10​ ​minutes​ ​of​ ​gushing​ ​blood
  • Go​ ​to​ ​hospital
  • Don’t​ ​need​ ​ambulance
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15
Q

What can we do for people who have nose bleeds a lot?

A
  • Cut​ ​up​ ​peels​ ​of​ ​citrus​ ​fruits​ ​and​ ​rub​ ​it​ ​on​ ​inside​ ​of​ ​nose
  • Constricts​ ​blood​ ​vessels​ ​away​ ​from​ ​the​ ​surface
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16
Q

What is the timeline for someone with a chip halfway into their tooth to see a dentist? Why?

A
  • within 12 hours
  • Seal​ ​to​ ​avoid​ ​bacteria​ ​into​ ​the​ ​tooth
  • Continuous​ ​with​ ​bloodstream,​ ​easy​ ​way​ ​to​ ​put​ ​bacteria​ ​into​ ​body
  • Try​ ​to​ ​reattach
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17
Q

How can we transport a chipped tooth?

A
  • Bag​ ​of​ ​milk
  • Bag​ ​of​ ​ice
  • Bag​ ​of​ ​water
  • If​ ​it​ ​lives​ ​in​ ​a​ ​moist​ ​environment,​ ​try​ ​and​ ​keep​ ​it​ ​in​ ​a​ ​moist​ ​environment
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18
Q

What do we do for the surface of the chipped tooth in the mouth?

A

gauze

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19
Q

What else do we have to check for if someone has a chipped tooth?

A

concussion

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20
Q

What is the medical term for black eye?

A

orbital hematoma

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21
Q

What is the MOI of black eyes?

A
  • Trauma​ ​to​ ​eye​ ​area,​ ​orbital​ ​bone​ ​area

- Can​ ​come​ ​with​ ​nose​ ​bleeds

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22
Q

How do we check for fractures that result from black eyes?

A
  • Only​ ​way​ ​to​ ​test​ ​is​ ​to​ ​physically​ ​palpate​ ​them
  • More​ ​than​ ​pain​ ​from​ ​contusion
  • Chips​ ​missing
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23
Q

Fracture to 2 or more sides of the eye orbit means …

A
  • eye will drop

- hospital (not EMS)

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24
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a black eye?

A
  • Bruising
  • Bleeding
  • Swelling
25
Q

How do we manage black eyes?

A
  • Can’t​ ​check​ ​movement​ ​of​ ​eye​ ​if​ ​their​ ​eye​ ​is​ ​swollen
  • Need​ ​to​ ​check​ ​if​ ​white​ ​part​ ​of​ ​eye​ ​is​ ​red
  • Need​ ​ice
  • Need​ ​to​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​see​ ​and​ ​move​ ​their​ ​eye​ ​in​ ​order​ ​to​ ​play
26
Q

What do we do if they can’t see or move eye within 24 hours from getting a black eye? Why?

A
  • go see eye doctor
  • Make​ ​sure​ ​muscles​ ​are​ ​attached
  • Optic​ ​nerve​ ​isn’t​ ​damaged
  • Retina​ ​isn’t​ ​damaged
27
Q

What are blow out fractures?

A
  • Ball​ ​hits​ ​eye​ ​and​ ​comes​ ​away​ ​from​ ​the​ ​eye
  • Contusion,​ ​if​ ​not​ ​fracture​ ​to​ ​orbit​ ​of​ ​eye
  • Pulls​ ​eyeball​ ​out,​ ​eyeball​ ​hangs​ ​down
28
Q

Describe their vision after a blow out fracture.

A
  • Still​ ​able​ ​to​ ​see​ ​out​ ​of​ ​eye

- Vision​ ​will​ ​be​ ​off

29
Q

What do we do with the fallen eye of a blow out fracture?

A
  • Keep​ ​in​ ​moist​ ​environment
  • Do​ ​not​ ​push​ ​back​ ​into​ ​socket
  • Put​ ​moist​ ​gauze​ ​over​ ​the​ ​eye​ ​that​ ​has​ ​come​ ​out​ ​of​ ​the​ ​socket
  • Use​ ​dixie​ ​cup
30
Q

People with a blow out fracture generally like …

A
  • for both their eyes to be covered

- Uncomfortable​ ​for​ ​eyes​ ​to​ ​be​ ​looking​ ​in​ ​different​ ​directions

31
Q

What is the name of the group that does research on concussions?

A

Zurich consensus

32
Q

What is the 2012 Zurich Consensus definition of a concussion?

A

concussion​ ​is​ ​a​ ​brain​ ​injury​ ​and​ ​is​ ​defined​ ​as​ ​a​ ​complex pathophysiological​ ​process​ ​affecting​ ​the​ ​brain,​ ​induced​ ​by​ ​biomechanical​ ​forces

33
Q

What are the 4 types of symptoms that you can get from a concussion?

A
  • physical
  • cognitive (mental)
  • emotional/behavioural
  • symptoms that affect sleep
34
Q

Give 3 examples of physical symptoms from a concussion.

A
  • Headaches
  • Dizziness
  • Blurred​ ​vision
35
Q

Give 2 examples of cognitive symptoms from a concussion.

A
  • Difficulty​ ​concentrating

- Difficulty​ ​remembering

36
Q

Give 3 examples of emotional symptoms from a concussion.

A
  • Irritability
  • Sad
  • Anxious
37
Q

Give 3 examples of sleep related symptoms from a concussion.

A
  • Difficult​ ​to​ ​fall​ ​asleep
  • Difficult​ ​to​ ​stay​ ​asleep
  • Being​ ​very​ ​fatigued
38
Q

What is the MOI of a concussion?

A
  • Direct​ ​blow​ ​to​ ​head
  • Brain​ ​is​ ​floating,​ ​not​ ​attached​ ​to​ ​surroundings
  • Whipping​ ​action​ ​of​ ​neck,​ ​brain​ ​will​ ​hit​ ​sides​ ​of​ ​skull​ ​(indirect​ ​blow)
  • Neck​ ​injury​ ​and​ ​face​ ​injury
39
Q

Most concussions do not involve ….

A

loss of consciousness

40
Q

Can we see a concussion with imaging?

A

no

41
Q

What are the 2 types of concussions?

A
  • suspected concussion

- diagnosed concussion

42
Q

What is a suspected concussion?

A
  • Some​ ​sort​ ​of​ ​MOI​ ​that​ ​can​ ​lead​ ​to​ ​a​ ​concussion
  • Haven’t​ ​seen​ ​medical​ ​professional​ ​to​ ​diagnose
  • Most​ ​concussions
43
Q

Describe the SCAT.

A
  • Put​ ​out​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Zurich​ ​Consensus​ ​to​ ​diagnose​ ​concussions
  • Anyone​ ​can​ ​access​ ​it
  • Should​ ​take​ ​about​ ​10​ ​minutes
44
Q

What do you do after the SCAT?

A
  • If​ ​after​ ​10​ ​minutes​ ​they​ ​have​ ​symptoms​ ​=​ ​concussion
  • If​ ​they​ ​have​ ​a​ ​concussion,​ ​monitor​ ​them
  • Unconscious​ ​when​ ​you​ ​got​ ​to​ ​them,​ ​or​ ​go​ ​unconscious​ ​later​ ​=​ ​go​ ​to​ ​hospital
  • Do​ ​not​ ​need​ ​to​ ​go​ ​to​ ​hospital​ ​for​ ​any​ ​other​ ​reason
45
Q

What is the only exception for headaches after the SCAT?

A

only​ ​headache​ ​where​ ​they​ ​got​ ​hit​ ​=​ ​contusion

46
Q

What is the main component of managing concussions?

A

rest (physical and cognitive)

47
Q

What does cognitive rest consist of?

A
  • Decrease​ ​mental​ ​activity​ ​as​ ​much​ ​as​ ​possible

- Ex.​ ​classes,​ ​tv,​ ​texting,​ ​computer

48
Q

Describe the steps for RTP.

A
  • Day 1: 24 hours symptom free
  • Day 2: ​light​ ​aerobic​ ​exercise​ ​for​ ​20​ ​minutes
  • Day 3: ​30​ ​minutes​ ​of​ ​aerobic​ ​activity​ ​with​ ​intervals
  • Day 4: ​50%​ ​effort​ ​no​ ​contact​ ​practice
  • Day 5: contact practice
  • Day 6: RTP
49
Q

What is second impact syndrome?

A
  • Second​ ​impact​ ​to​ ​the​ ​brain​ ​while​ ​it​ ​is​ ​still​ ​recovering​ ​from​ ​the​ ​first
  • Will​ ​generally​ ​see​ ​at​ ​least​ ​twice​ ​the​ ​damage
  • Will​ ​take​ ​at​ ​least​ ​twice​ ​as​ ​long​ ​to​ ​recover
50
Q

Why is second impact syndrome most common in people under 20? Why is this a concern?

A
  • Less​ ​medically​ ​trained​ ​people​ ​at​ ​sporting​ ​events
  • Brain​ ​is​ ​still​ ​developing
  • Can​ ​end​ ​up​ ​with​ ​long​ ​term​ ​symptoms
51
Q

Why should we do manual work on the neck for concussions?

A

may​ ​have​ ​whiplash,​ ​can​ ​refer​ ​symptoms​ ​into​ ​head

52
Q

What are the special tests for head injuries?

A
  • SCAT

- cranial nerve testing

53
Q

Describe the 12 steps of cranial nerve testing.

A
  1. smell
  2. vision
  3. eye movement
  4. eye movement
  5. face sensation
  6. eye movement
  7. facial expression
  8. hearing
  9. swallow
  10. swallow, speech
  11. swallow
  12. tongue movement
54
Q

What is a cranial hematoma?

A
  • Complication​ ​to​ ​a​ ​concussion
  • Shine​ ​light​ ​into​ ​eyes
  • Will​ ​kill​ ​you​ ​in​ ​3​ ​days​ ​if​ ​not​ ​caught
  • Bleeding​ ​in​ ​the​ ​brain
  • Nowhere​ ​for​ ​it​ ​to​ ​go
55
Q

What is a epidural hematoma?

A
  • Bleeding​ ​in​ ​brain​ ​within​ ​minutes​ ​to​ ​first​ ​couple​ ​of​ ​hours​ ​from​ ​when​ ​blow​ ​was​ ​sustained
  • Fast​ ​bleed
  • Happening​ ​in​ ​epidural​ ​meningeal
56
Q

What are the symptoms of a epidural hematoma?

A
  • Shows​ ​with​ ​loss​ ​of​ ​consciousness
  • Symptoms​ ​will​ ​get​ ​gradually​ ​worse​ ​over​ ​3-4​ ​hours
  • One​ ​of​ ​their​ ​pupils​ ​will​ ​be​ ​dilated​ ​on​ ​the​ ​side​ ​they​ ​got​ ​hit​ ​on
  • Will​ ​eventually​ ​lose​ ​consciousness​ ​again​ ​then​ ​die
  • will all happen within 5 hours of getting hit
57
Q

What is a subdural hematoma?

A
  • Happens​ ​below​ ​meningeal

- whiplash as opposed to hitting head

58
Q

What are the symptoms of a subdural hematoma?

A
  • Generally​ ​not​ ​see​ ​unconsciousness
  • Still​ ​will​ ​see​ ​dilation​ ​of​ ​pupil​ ​to​ ​the​ ​same​ ​side​ ​as​ ​blow
  • Symptoms​ ​will​ ​get​ ​worse
  • Generally​ ​takes​ ​longer
  • can take up to 2 days
59
Q

Which one is more common? Epidural or subdural hematomas?

A

subdural hematoma

KNSS 220 Athletic Therapy (14 decks)

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