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Pharmacology > Drugs for GI diseases > Flashcards

Drugs for GI diseases Flashcards

1
Q

The basal portion of parietal cell contains receptors for

A

Gastrin (CCK-B)
histamine (H2)
Acetylcholine (muscarinic, M3)

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2
Q

principal risk factors of PUD

A

H pylori infection

NSAID

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3
Q

Peptic ulcer caused by increased acid production

A

Duodenal ulcer dse

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4
Q

what defective mechanisms does gastric ulcer have

A

failure in the gastric mucosal protective mechanisms

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5
Q

vomiting of fresh blood

A

Hematemesis

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6
Q

passing out of tarry stools

A

Melena

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7
Q

H pylori secretes

A

urease

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8
Q

urease converts ____ to ____

A

urea to ammonia

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9
Q

who discovered H pylori and its role in PUD

A

Barry Marshall and Robin Warren

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10
Q

montreal definition of GERD

A

A condition which develops when the reflux of
stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms
and/or complications

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11
Q

main manifestationn of GERD

A

Heartburn

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12
Q

Effortless return of gastric contents into the pharynx

A

regurgitation

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13
Q

mechanisms of acide reflux

A 
Defective esophageal clearance
• LES dysfunction
• Hiatal Hernia
• Delayed gastric emptying
increase intraabdominal pressure
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14
Q

problem that arise from reflux

A

Barrett’s esophagus

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15
Q

transition of
squamous to columnar epithelium in the distal part of
the esophagus and can lead to esophageal cancer.

A

Barrett’s esophagus

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16
Q

Barrett’s esophagus can lead to

A

esophageal cancer

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17
Q

classification of drugs in peptic ulcer

A

A. Drugs that neutralize gastric acid (Antacids)
B. Drugs that inhibit gastric acid secretion
C. Drugs that protect ulcers
D. Anti H. pylori drugs

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18
Q

antacids inhibit formation of

A

pepsin

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19
Q

2 forms of antacids

A

systremic

non systemic

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20
Q

Systemic antacids

A

sodium citrate

sodium bicarbonate

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21
Q

examples of non systemic antacids

A

MgOH
AlOH
Magaldrate
Magnesium Trisilicate

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22
Q

how does aluminum antacids cause constipation

A

they relax gastric smooth muscle and delay gastric emptying

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23
Q

aluminum toxicity can cause

A

renal failure

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24
Q

antiflatulence/anti foaming agent

A

simethicone/dimethicone

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25
Q

Forms a layer of foam on top of gastric contents and reduce reflux

A

alginates

26
Q

Surface anesthetic

A

Oxethazaine

27
Q

Relieves symptom of pain in PUD

A

Oxethazaine

28
Q

most effective drugs in antiulcer therapy

A

PPI

29
Q

MOA of PPI

A

Blocks the H2 production pump

30
Q

Ex of PPI

A

omeprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole

31
Q

new form of PPI

A

Dexlansoprazole

32
Q

why dexlansoprazole has a late action

A

because of the dual delayed relase formulation

33
Q

what are the 2 peaks of plasma concentration of dexlansoprazole

A

frist is 1-2 hrs after the intake, next is about 4-5 hrs after initial dosing

34
Q

omeprazole inhibits the metab of

A

warfarin phenytoin
diazepam
cyclosporin

35
Q

claimed to be the most rapid PPI

A

Rabeprazole

36
Q

first PPI developed as an isomer of Omeprazole

A

Esomeprazole

37
Q

first and only PPi with a DDR (Dual Delayed Release)
formulation – combines 2 distinct types of entericcoated
granules in 1 pill

A

Dexlansoprazole

38
Q

MOA of anticholinergic drugs

A

bind to and block acetylcholine (muscarinic) receptors in
the enteric plexus and on smooth muscle - preventing
nauseous stimuli from being transmitted

39
Q

A synthetic prostaglandin E1 methyl analogue

A

Misoprostol (prostaglandin analogues)

40
Q

action of misoprostol

A

Inhibit gastric acid secretion
─ Enhance local production of mucus or
bicarbonate
─ Help to maintain mucosal blood

41
Q

good replacement for glutathione

A

rebamipide

42
Q

a most potent OH scavenger (antioxidant)

A

rebamipide

43
Q

anticholinergic side effects

A

dry mouth and blurred vision

44
Q

drugs that protect ulcer

A

sucralfate

45
Q

moa of sucralfate

A

In acidic environment ( pH <4) it polymerises by
cross linking molecules to form sticky viscous gel
that adheres to ulcer crater - more on duodenal
ulcer

46
Q

actions of cholinomimetics - Bethanecol

A

Muscarinic receptor agonist
─ Increase force of contraction
─ Little effect on intestinal transit

47
Q

anti H pylori drugs

A

Triple therapy
─ Omeprazole/lansoprazole -20/30 mg bid
─ Clarithromycin - 500 mg bid
─ Amoxicillin/metronidazole-1 gm/ 500 mg bid

48
Q

Examples of Dopamin antagonists

A

Metoclopramide

Domperidone

49
Q

Mild to lower abdominal discomfort associated with
alterations of bowel movement which maybe relieved
by passing gas or defecation

A

IBS

50
Q

drugs for constipation

A
  1. bulk forming laxatives
  2. stool surfactant agents (softener)
  3. osmotic laxatives
  4. stimulant laxatives
51
Q

components of diet/slimming tea

A

anthraquinone derivatives

52
Q

examples of anthraquinone derivatives

A

aloe, senna, cascara

53
Q

mass colonic movements and the gastrocolic reflex

A

opioid agonist

54
Q

how does opiod agonist increase colonic phasic segmenting activity through

A

inhibition of presynaptic cholinergic nerves in the

submucosal and myenteric plexuses

55
Q

octreotide clinical use

A

inhibition of of endocrine tumor, diarrhea due to vagotomy, dumping syndrome, short bowel syndrome or
AIDS

56
Q

a potent inhibitor of enkephalinase

A

Racecadotril

57
Q

drugs used for IBS

A

antispasmodics

muscarinic antagonist

58
Q

pharmacodynamics of antispasmodics (anticholinergics

A

inhibits muscarinic receptor in the eteric plexus

and on smooth muscle

59
Q

actions of otilonium bromide

A
  1. modulates Calcium entry into intestinal
    smooth muscle
  2. inhibits Calcium release from
    sarcoplasmic reticulum
  3. reduce pain perception through its
    action on NK2 receptors of sensitive afferent nerves
    of the bowel
60
Q

action of colloidal bismuth compounds

A 
causes an increase in
mucus glycoprotein and
may also bind to the
gastric mucus layer to act
as a diffusion barrier to
HCl

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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