Internal Medicine Essentials Questions: Nephrology Flashcards
The most reliable method of measuring GFR is using the _________________ equation.
chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equation (CKD-EPI)
You are shown a urine sample under the microscope and it shows cells with spikey blebs around their edges. What are these?
Acanthocytes –RBCs suggesting glomerular damage bleeding
A 35-year-old patient presents with microscopic hematuria and has no alarm symptoms. Proper management?
Repeat UA in a month
Describe the utility of split urine collection.
For patients that have mild proteinuria (less than 1 g/24 but greater than the normal 150 mg) and no other symptoms, the cause is likely orthostatic proteinuria. Taking a urine collecting at night usually leads to lower protein (less than 50 mg at night is diagnostic).
How should rhabdomyolysis be initially managed?
IV NS to maintain 300 mL/hr of urine output
Effective arterial pressure to the kidneys can be assessed with what lab?
Spot urine: if it is less than 20 then the pressure to the kidneys is decreased
Per IMEQ, ______________ qualifies as symptomatic enough to give 3% NaCl in a person with SIADH.
being dizzy and falling over
Per IMEQ, the best treatment for hypernatremia is ________________.
D5W
Generally, you give furosemide to someone with hyperkalemia. When might you not give this?
If a person has anuric renal failure (evidenced by hours without urine production), then diuretics are unlikely to work.
True or false: PTH stimulates increased Ca absorption from the bones, gut, and kidneys.
True
A woman had gut resection surgery and loss a lot of weight while trying to feed enterally. When TPN was started she became tired. Labs revealed hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia. Which other electrolyte is likely abnormal?
Hypophosphatemia
Refeeding syndrome entails low levels
Your patient has Mg of 1.7 and Ca of 4.1. Which should you replete immediately?
Calcium
