Hypertension

Question 1

Define hypertension

Answer 1

SBP >140mmHG or DBP >90mmHG

Question 2

2 categories of hypertension

Answer 2

• essential (primary) hypertension = no specific condition explains sustained Bp elevation
• 2ndary hypertension = consequences of a specific underlying condition with a well known mechanism such as chronic kidney disease or narrowing of the aorta

Question 3

Hypertension a consequence of…

Answer 3

1. Autonomic imbalance
2. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening
3. Distribution to Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)
4. ALL/SOME of the above

Question 4

Key characteristic of hypertension?

Answer 4

⬆️basal SNA which stimulates ⬆️Q, ⬆️total peripheral resistance, and ⬆️ fluid retention

Question 5

Vascular endothelium

Answer 5

• Single layer of cells lining entire vascular tree
• Anti-atherogenic properties that protect against vasoconstriction and inflammation
• produces numerous paracrine substances involved in homeostasis of the vessel - most importantly NO

Question 6

Define NO

Answer 6

Liable, lipid soluble gas synthesized in endothelial cells with potent ant-atherogenic properties

Question 7

Define endothelial dysfunction

Answer 7

The earliest manifestation of atherosclerosis and is characterized by a diminished bioavailability of anti-atherogenic molecule NO