Chapter 16 Respiratory System Part 1

Question 1

What are the multiple functions of the respiratory systems?

Answer 1

• Bring in O2
• Remove CO2 waste
• Vocal speech
• Sense of smell
• Blood and lymph flow

Question 2

What are the two respiratory systems?

Answer 2

• Conducting Division
• Respiratory Division

Question 3

What does the conducting division do?

Answer 3

The conducting division functions to bring air into the respiratory system

• Nose
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi

Question 4

What begins the breathing process?

Answer 4

The nose and pharynx begin the process by bringing air into the system

• Functions
  
  • To clean
    
    • Mucus produced by goblet cells
    • Ciliated cells
    • Macrophages
• To warm and humidify
  
  • Capillary beds

Question 5

What is the larynx and what is also called?

Answer 5

The larynx is commonly called the voice box

• 4 cm long
• Made of muscle and cartilage
• Function:
  
  • House vocal chords
  • Produce sound
  • Protect airway with epiglottis

Question 6

What forms the wind pipe and what does it do?

Answer 6

The trachea and primary bronchi form the windpipe

• Trachea sits in front of esophagus
  
  • Made of c-shaped cartilage rings
• Functions
  
  • Mucocilliary escalator : pushes mucus up out of the trachea away from the bronchi (coughing up musus)
  • Branches to primary bronchi

Question 7

What are the lungs made up of?

Answer 7

The lungs are made up of multiple structures

• Right: 3 lobes
• Left: 2 lobes
• Made of bronchi, bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli

Question 8

What are the lungs surrounded by?

Answer 8

The lungs are surrounded by a pleural membrane

• Each lung covered by a separate pleural membrane
  
  • Visceral pleura
  • Parietal pleura
  • Pleural “space”
  • Pleural fluid

Question 9

What is the Respiratory Division

Answer 9

The Respiratory Division is where gas exchange occurs

• Respiratory bronchioles
• Alveoli

Question 10

What are the alveoli?

Answer 10

The alveoli are grouped into sacs and surrounded by capillaries

• 150 million alveoli in human lungs
• Respiratory membrane
  
  • 2 cell thick membrane
    
    • 1 cell from alveoli
    • 1 cell from capillary
• Fast and effective gas exchange
• Very fragile

Question 11

What types of cells are included in the alveoli?

Answer 11

It includes three types:

• Squamous cells
  
  • Flat walls of alveoli
• Dust cells
  
  • Macrophages that phagocytize debris
• Great Alveolar Cells
  
  • Produce surfactant
    
    • Reduces water tension by breaking hydrogen bonds
    • Importance for premature infants

Question 12

Which of the following is part of the conducting division of the respiratory system?

A. Alveoli
B. Larynx
C. Primary bronchi
D. Both A and B
E. Both B and C

Answer 12

E. Both B and C

Question 13

How do we listen to the lungs?

Answer 13

Listening to breath sounds can indicate health or illness of lung function

• Auscultation done with stethoscope
• Vesicular: over lung fields
• Bronchial: over airways
• Diagnostic indicator

Question 14

What are some unhealthy breathing sounds of the lungs?

Answer 14

• Crackles
  
  • Popping sound, asthma
  • Fluid in airways
• Rhonchi
  
  • Coarse rattling
  • Collapsed or narrowed airways
• Pleural Friction Rub
  
  • Grating sound
  • Inflamed pleura
• Emphysema
  
  • Deteriorated alveolar tissue
  • # 1 cause is smoking