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POLISCI 2140 > post midterm purple terms > Flashcards

post midterm purple terms Flashcards

1
Q

hyper-consumption

A

buying more than one can afford

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2
Q

hyper debt

A

owing more than one will be able to repay

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3
Q

sovereign wealth funds

A

funds controlled by nation-states that often invest in other countries

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4
Q

race to the bottom

A

countries involved in a downward spiral of competitiveness

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5
Q

supply chains

A

value-adding activities in the prod’n process beginning with raw materials and ending with a finished product

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6
Q

international production networks

A

networks of producers involved in producing a finished product

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7
Q

global commodity chains

A

value-adding chains, global industries, and the sellers of global products

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8
Q

global value chains

A

various phases of prod’n, delivery to the final consumers, final disposal

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9
Q

industrial upgrading

A

nation-states, firms, and even workers move from low-value to relatively high-value prod’n

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10
Q

outsourcing

A

transfer of activities once performed by an entity to a business(es) in exchange for money

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11
Q

offshore outsourcing

A

transfer of activities to entities in other countries

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12
Q

FDI - foreign direct investment

A

investment by a firm in one nation-state in a firm in another nation-state with the intention of controlling it

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13
Q

portfolio investment

A

purchase of equities in companies in other countries for financial gain, not control

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14
Q

Greenfield investment

A

building of totally new corporate facilities in another country

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15
Q

structural adjustment

A

conditions of economic ‘restructuring’ imposed by organizations such as the World Bank and the IMF on borrowing nation-states

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16
Q

MNCs

A

corporation that operates in more than 2 countries

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17
Q

trade related investment measures (TRIMs)

A

WTO agreement on trade measures gov’ts can impose on foreign firms

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18
Q

autarky

A

turn inward of a nation-state in order to become as economically self-sufficient as possible

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19
Q

trade related aspects of int’l property rights (TRIPs)

A

WTO agreement to protect the interests of those that create ideas

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20
Q

cultural differentialism

A

cultures tend to remain stubbornly different from one another

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21
Q

cultural hybridization

A

mixing of cultures leading to unique combinations

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22
Q

glocalization

A

interpretations of the global and the local resulting in unique outcomes in different geographic ares

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23
Q

hybridization

A

external flows interact with internal flows producing a unique cultural hybrid that combines their elements

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24
Q

creolization

A

combination of languages and cultures previously unintelligible to one another

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25
Q

cultural convergence

A

cultures are subject to many of the same global flows and tend to grow more alike

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26
Q

world culture

A

spread of global models leading to global convergence

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27
Q

isomorphism

A

a series of global models has led to a great uniformity throughout the world

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28
Q

mcdonalidization

A

process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more of the world

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29
Q

grobalization

A

imperialistic ambitions of nation-states, corporations, and organizations, and their imposition throughout the world

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30
Q

nothing

A

social forms largely devoid of distinctive content

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31
Q

something

A

largely full social forms, those rich in distinctive content

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32
Q

non-places

A

setting largely devoid of distinctive content

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33
Q

non-things

A

objects largely devoid of distinctive content

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34
Q

non-people

A

those who occupy positions that lead them to be devoid of distinctive content at lest in those positions

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35
Q

non-services

A

services largely devoid of distinctive content

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36
Q

ethnoscapes

A

actual movement, as well as fantasies about moving, of mobile groups and individuals

37
Q

technoscapes

A

fluid, global configurations of technology and the wide range of material that moves freely and quickly around the globe

38
Q

finances capes

A

processes by which huge sums of money move through nation-states and around the world at great speed

39
Q

mediascapes

A

electronic capability to produce and transmit information and images globally

40
Q

ideas capes

A

flows of images primarily political in nature

41
Q

trade protectionism

A

policy of systematic gov’t intervention in foreign trade with the objective of encouraging domestic prod’n

42
Q

information war

A

information and information technology increasingly permeating warfare perpetrated by developed countries

43
Q

social class

A

social rankings made on the basis of economic factors such as occupation, wealth and income

44
Q

natural resources trap

A

limiting economic development bc of excessive dependence on abundant natural resources

45
Q

conflict trap

A

nation-state confronted with either continuing civil wars or frequent violent coups d’état

46
Q

global cities

A

key cities in the global, especially capitalist, economy

47
Q

megacities

A

cities with a population greater than 10 million people

48
Q

megalopolis

A

a long chain of interconnected cities with the potentiality of becoming one huge city

49
Q

intersectionality

A

members of minority groups are affected by their position in other arrangements of social inequality

50
Q

minority group

A

a group of people in a subordinate position in wealth, power, and/or prestige (status)

51
Q

majority group

A

a group of people in a superordinate position in wealth, power, and/or prestige (status)

52
Q

orientalism

A

ideas, texts produced in the West the basis of the domination, control, exploitation of the East

53
Q

race

A

defined based on meanings attached to physical or biological characteristics

54
Q

racism

A

belief in the inherent superiority of one racial group and the inferiority of others

55
Q

xenophobia

A

beliefs, attitudes and prejudices that reject, exclude and vilify groups made up of outsiders or foreigners

56
Q

genocide

A

acts committed with intend to destroy a national, ethic, racial or religious group

57
Q

ethnic cleansing

A

forcible removing people of another ethnic group

58
Q

sex

A

physical differences between males and females

59
Q

gender

A

differences between males and females based on social definition and distinction

60
Q

feminization of labour

A

increasing participation of women in the global formal and informal paid-labour force

61
Q

global care chains

A

series of personal relationships between people across the globe based on the paid or unpaid work of caring

62
Q

time-space compression

A

the shrinking of space, and the reduction of the time required by a wide range of processes, brought about by changes in transportation and communication technologies advanced mainly by capitalist corporations

63
Q

time-space distanciation

A

the stretching of social relations across space and time brought about by technological change

64
Q

prosumers

A

those who engage in the interrelated process of production and consumption

65
Q

temporary labour migrants

A

guest workers and overseas contract workers that move to a country for a limited amount of time

66
Q

irregular migrants

A

migrants that enter, or stay in, a country without proper documentation

67
Q

highly skilled migrants

A

workers with special qualifications (e.g., managers, executives, professionals, technicians) who migrate for better economic opportunities

68
Q

forced migrants

A

refugees and asylum seekers who are forced to leave their home country

69
Q

refugees

A

those forced to leave their homeland, or who leave involuntarily, bc they fear for their safety

70
Q

asylum seekers

A

refugees who seek to remain in the country to which they flee

71
Q

family reunification migrants

A

individuals whose family ties motivated them to migrate internationally

72
Q

return migrants

A

people who, after spending time in their destination country, go back to their home country

73
Q

international migrants

A

people who live in a country where they were not born and have important social ties to that country

74
Q

human trafficking

A

the recruitment and movement of people through force or coercion, for purposes of sexual exploitation or forced labour

75
Q

brain drain

A

systematic loss by a nation-state of people highly prized elsewhere in the world

76
Q

brain gain

A

nation-states, especially those that are developed, acquire more people with a strong knowledge base than they lose

77
Q

ecotourism

A

tourists experience natural environments while doing little or no harm to them

78
Q

ethnotourism

A

tourists experiencing the way other people live, often people very different from themselves

79
Q

modernization

A

the belief of an evolutionary process that moved humankind from agricultural and pre-modern societies into the modern era, brought about by the reality of wide-scale rational planning

80
Q

ecological economics

A

economic theory that considers the ecological carrying capacity of the earth thus integrating economic theory with environmental knowledge

81
Q

anthropocene

A

a potential new geological era characterized by several accelerating human-made ecological changes, including mass extinctions, global warming, and oceanic changes, that are far-reaching and in many cases, permanent

82
Q

climate refugees

A

people displaced by environmental changes brought about by climate change, such as rising sea levels, drought, and increased exposure to hurricanes and floods

83
Q

sustainable development

A

economic and environmental changes that meet the needs of the present without jeopardizing the future

84
Q

carbon tax

A

a tax applied to fossil fuels (oil, coal and natural gas) used to curb carbon emissions

85
Q

cap-and-trade

A

a system that limits the total carbon emissions allowed, where companies buy permits in order to allow them to produce additional emissions with prices set by the market

86
Q

carbon neutrality

A

a scenario where carbon emissions are equal to (or less than) the amount of those emissions that are absorbed by the natural environment

87
Q

protectionism

A

government intervention in order to encourage domestic production

88
Q

fair trade

A

concern for the social, economic, and environmental well-being of marginalized small producers

POLISCI 2140 (5 decks)

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