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Histology > Liver, Pancreas and Gall Bladder > Flashcards

Liver, Pancreas and Gall Bladder Flashcards

1
Q

What does the liver and pancreas grow as in the gut?

A

An outgrowth

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2
Q

What is the parenchyma of the liver and pancreas composed of?

A

Glandular epithelial cells

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3
Q

Functions of the liver?

A

Oxidise triglycerides to produce energy, Synthesize plasma lipoproteins, cholesterol and plasma proteins. Detoxification of metabolic waste products, toxins and drugs

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4
Q

What is the liver covered by?

A

A collagenous connective tissue capsule, covered by mesothelial cells derived from the peritoneum

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5
Q

What is the liver made up of?

A

Lobules

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6
Q

The liver has a branch of which vein?

A

Hepatic vein called the centrolobular vein

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7
Q

What are the portal triads?

A

Branches of the vessels which enter at the porta hepatis, the portal vein and the hepatic artery. Also the branch that leaves the porta hepatis is the bile duct

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8
Q

What is the bile duct lines with?

A

Simple cuboidal cells called cholangiocytes

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9
Q

What is also included in the tracts?

A

Lymphatic vessels

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10
Q

What are the main cells of the liver?

A

Hepatocytes

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11
Q

What is the function of hepatocytes?

A

Have spaces in between for blood to flow through called sinusoids

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12
Q

What are the sinusoids lined with?

A

Endothelial cells

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13
Q

What is the space called between the sinusoids and the hepatocytes?

A

Space of disse

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14
Q

What type of collagen is found in the space of disse?

A

Type I

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15
Q

Where are hepatic stellate cells found?

A

Scattered in the space of disse

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16
Q

What are hepatic stellate cells?

A

Modified fibroblasts and make connective tissue

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17
Q

What do the hepatic stellate cells contain?

A

Vitamine A within fat droplets in their cytoplasm

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18
Q

In some pathological conditions what does the hepatic stellate cells transform into?

A

Myofibroblasts and produce scar tissue in the liver

19
Q

What are scattered within the sinusoids?

A

Resident macrophages called Kupffer cells

20
Q

What is the function of Kupffer cells?

A

Remove particulate matter from the blood and help remove worn out red blood cells

21
Q

What are the contents in bile?

A

water, ions, phospholipids, bilirubin and bile salts

22
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

It is a pigment which results from the breakdown of haemoglobin in the spleen and causes the brown colour of faeces.

23
Q

What are the bile salts necessary for in bile?

A

Emulsification of fats in the digestive tracts

24
Q

What do all hepatocytes produce?

A

Bile

25
Q

How does bile flow?

A

Via bile canaliculi towards the bile ducts in the portal tacts and then to hepatic ducts

26
Q

What are the bile canaliculi?

A

Small channels formed by tight junction in the cell membranes of adjacent hepatocytes.

27
Q

What is the gall bladder?

A

A muscular sac

28
Q

What is the gall bladder lined with?

A

Simple columnar epithelium with a brush border

29
Q

What does the gall bladder store?

A

Bile

30
Q

What is folded in the gall bladder when it is empty?

A

Mucosa

31
Q

How does the gall bladder remove bile from the liver?

A

By actively pumping Na and Cl ions from the bile into the spaces between adjacent epithelial cells

32
Q

Why does water follow when bile is removed from the liver?

A

Increase in osmotic pressure in the spaces and therefore carried away by lymphatic vessels

33
Q

The gall bladder is stimulated to?

A

Contract and deliver bile to the duodenum

34
Q

What is cholecystitis?

A

Inflammation of the gall bladder

35
Q

What glands does the pancreas have?

A

Endocrine and Exocrine glands

36
Q

What does the endocrine glands consist of?

A

Scattered islands of tissue called islets of langerhans

37
Q

What hormones are produced in endocrine glands?

A

Insulin and glucagon

38
Q

Why are the cells basophilic in exocrine glands?

A

They contain large amounts of RER

39
Q

What are the enzymes produced in the exocrine glands of the pancreas?

A

Proenzymes

40
Q

Why is the apical part of the pancreas eosinophilic in the pancreas?

A

The presence of zymogen granules

41
Q

What are the duct cells found in the acini?

A

Centroacinar cells

42
Q

The main pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct and open the duodenum on a papillae called?

A

The hepatopancreatic ampulla

43
Q

What cells stain less intensely than the exocrine glands?

A

Islets cells

Histology (10 decks)

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