Class #7 - Epidemiology Flashcards
Define Epi. + Explain and Provide examples of the definition by Friis and Sellers?
Def: Describe, explain, predict and control challenges to populations health.
Explain: Basically finding the answers to who,what,when,where,how and why?
Example: Tuna stays 15hours to predict whats in it.
Describe and exemplify the epidemiology outbreak model?
Verify Dx, confirm outbreak, identify affected persons and characteristics, define/investigate pop. at risk, generate an hypothesis, contain the outbreak.
Eg.: • Verify Dx: Endophtalmitis
• Confirm:yes
• Persons: After surgery of the eye (elders after cataracts)
• At risk: People having surgery
• Hypothesis: Equipment not sterile (Solution used to irrigate was contamined)
Contain: Get ride of irrigation solution
Explain classic epi. model and provide examples for each elements.
Host characteristics: sex, age…
Agent type/characteristics: bacteria, virus, psychological, physical…
Environmental characteristics: physical, biological, social
First to notice and record relationship between humans and environment?
Hippocrates
Association vs causation?
Correlation vs cause-and-effect
Crude mortality rates?
total death in one year per 1000 people of a pop.
Specific Mortality rate?
total death from specific cause in one year/average population that are targeted (Eg. Prostate cancer)
Infant death rates?
total infant death/live births
Prevalence rate?
people with disease at one point in time/total pop at same point in time
Incidence rate?
New cases in one year/average total pop.
Relative risk?
Incidence of disease in exposed pop./incidence of disease in unexposed pop.
If = 1 -> stressor has no effect
>1 Stressors has an effect
<1 stresssors has no effect
Comparison tool between countries?
Infant death and life expectancy
Survival rate?
People with disease that survive?
Case-fatality rate?
People with disease that die?
