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Geography > Geography S1 > Flashcards

Geography S1 Flashcards

1
Q

What shapes the coast?

A

The waves

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2
Q

What is erosion?

A

When waves wear away the coast

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3
Q

What is transportation?

A

When waves carry eroded material away

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4
Q

What is deposition?

A

When waves carry material on and off the land

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5
Q

What is the coast?

A

A narrow area between the land and sea

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6
Q

What happens to the coast

A

It is fragile and constantly changing (erosion)

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7
Q

What can the waves do?

A

They can erode soft rocks quicker than hard rocks, the coastlines are made of different rocks.

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8
Q

What are the eroded coastlines called when the land sticks out?

A

Headlands

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9
Q

What are the coastlines called that are in the way?

A

Bays

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10
Q

How is a cave formed on the headlands of the coast?

A

A cave is formed by the waves crashing the soft rock and creating a cave

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11
Q

How is an arch formed?

A

An arch is formed by waves crashing hard against the cave to form an arch

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12
Q

How is a sea stack formed?

A

A sea stack is formed by waves crashing against an arch until the land above collapses to form a stack

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13
Q

How is a stump formed?

A

A sea stump is when the stack takes too much pressure from the waves and collapses

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14
Q

Name three ways we can protect the coast

A

Groynes- wooden barriers built down the coast to stop sand moving
Sea wall- concrete walls built along the coast to protect the land from waves
Gabions- wire mesh baskets filled with cobbles. They can absorb waves and wind energy

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15
Q

What are the problems of protecting the coast?

A

By building groynes, another part of the coast doesn’t recieve sand so gets eroded quicker. Stone walls are really exspensive

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16
Q

How were scotlands hills formed?

A

When scotland was covered in ice during the ice age, the glaciers helped shape scotlands hills

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17
Q

Name four features that the ice formed during the ice age

A

Pyramidal peaks
Aretes
U-shaped valleys
Corries

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18
Q

What are pyramidal peaks?

A

Sharp pointed mountain summits

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19
Q

What are aretes?

A

Narrow, steep sided ridges

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20
Q

What are corries?

A

Steep sided hollows high on the mountain side

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21
Q

What are U-shaped valleys?

A

Steep-sided, flat floored valleys

22
Q

Where are the most mountains found in Scotland?

A

North and West

23
Q

Where is scotlands lowland mainly?

A

Central Scotland

24
Q

What is in the southern uplands of Scotland?

A

Hilly areas with rounded summits and deep valleys

25
Q

What are the two rivers near Aberdeen?

A

River Don and River Dee

26
Q

What river goes through Glasgow?

A

River Clyde

27
Q

Where are the Grampian mountains?

A

Central Scotland

28
Q

Name two famous Scottish mountain peaks

A

Ben Nevis

Ben Macdui

29
Q

What formed the mountains and hollows in Assynt?

A

Glaciers carved them out

30
Q

How was Loch Lomond formed?

A

By an earthquake

31
Q

What is a settlement?

A

A place where people live e.g. town, village, city.

32
Q

What did a settlement need to grow?

A

A function or use

33
Q

What sort of functions do city’s need?

A

Holiday resorts, shops leisure centres and tourist attractions

34
Q

What three things would people need for choosing a place for their city?

A

Shelter from the wind
Supply of wood, water and building materials
Level land for building

35
Q

Name three reasons Edinburgh has grown

A

Its situation on the Firth of Forth
Its trading links with the port of Leith
Jobs e.g. finance.

36
Q

How many people live in Scotland?

A

5.1 million

37
Q

What has happened to scotlands population since 1971?

A

It has decreased

38
Q

Why is scotland so densely populated on the lowlands?

A

It is flat and easy to build on

39
Q

Why are there less people in the northwest highlands of Scotland?

A

It is mountainous and the climate is often cold and windy

40
Q

Name 3 problems of crofting

A

It is sparsely populated in crofting areas
The weather can be harsh and don’t know what to expect
Not much technology

41
Q

Where is crofting?

A

Scottish Islands and northwest highlands

42
Q

What is weather?

A

The state of atmosphere from day to day

43
Q

What is climate?

A

The weather measured over years and the average worked out

44
Q

Where is it the coldest in Scotland?

A

The north

45
Q

Where is it the warmest in Scotland?

A

The south

46
Q

Why is it wetter in the west than the east in Scotland?

A

There is more high land

47
Q

Why did the romans pick the location for London?

A

It had good defence, dry land, water supply and good building materials

48
Q

Name the four areas of London

A

The city
Westminster
The west end
The east end

49
Q

What functions did London have?

A

Market town
Port
Transport
Holiday functions

50
Q

What are the problems of living in london

A

Houses are expensive
Its noisy
Overcrowded trains
Traffic jams

51
Q

What have people done to Make London better?

A

Old docks and houses have been cleared

Warehouses being turned into expensive flats

Geography (10 decks)

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