7-1

Question 1

Three Principles of Sensorimotor Function

Answer 1

• Hierarchical Organization
• Motor output is guided by sensory input.
• Learning changes the nature and locus of sensorimotor control.

Question 2

Hierarchical Organization

Answer 2

Association cortex at the highest level, muscles at the lowest

Question 3

2 Sensorimotor AssociationCortex

Answer 3

• Posterior Parietal Association Cortex

- Dorsolateral Prefrontal Association Cortex

Question 4

Posterior Parietal Association Cortex: Integrates Information about

Answer 4

• Body part location

- Spatial relation with external objects

Question 5

Posterior Parietal Association Cortex: Receives input from

Answer 5

Visual, Auditory, and Somatosensory systems

Question 6

Posterior Parietal Association Cortex: Output to

Answer 6

the Association and Secondary Motor Cortices

- Including dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex, secondary motor cortex, and frontal eye field

Question 7

The planning of movement

Answer 7

1. Posterior parietal cortex
2. Premotor cortex
3. Supplementary motor area
4. cerebellum

Question 8

Posterior parietal cortex

Answer 8

One of the first areas to become active in planning a movement. Keeps track of the position of the body relative to the environment. When surgeons stimulate parts of the posterior parietal cortex during surgery, patients report an intention to move.

Question 9

Damage to the Posterior Parietal Cortex

Answer 9

• Apraxia

- Contralateral neglect

Question 10

Contralateral neglect:

Answer 10

inability to respond to stimuli contralateral to the side of the lesion; usually seen with large lesions on the right

Question 11

Apraxia:

Answer 11

disorder of voluntary movement; problem only evident when instructed to perform an action; usually a consequence of damage to the area on the left

Question 12

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Association Cortex: input from

Answer 12

Posterior Parietal Cortex

Question 13

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Association Cortex: output from

Answer 13

Secondary Motor Cortex, Primary Motor Cortex, and Frontal Eye Field

Question 14

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Association Cortex

Answer 14

evaluates external stimuli and initiates voluntary reactions

Question 15

Supplementary motor area

Answer 15

Organizes rapid sequence of movements in a specific order; inhibitory if necessary
Active seconds before the movement

Question 16

Cerebellum

Answer 16

Think of the behavior when someone is intoxicated (alcohol): clumsiness, slurred speech, inaccurate eye movements
- Balance and coordination
- Rapid movements requiring aim, timing, and alternating movements
Examples: clapping hands, speaking, sport activities
- Certain aspects of attention, such as the ability to shift attention and attend to visual stimuli

Question 17

Cerebellum: input

Answer 17

Primary and Secondary Motor Cortices

Brainstem Motor Nuclei

Question 18

cerebellum: feedback

Answer 18

from Motor Responses

Question 19

10 Percent of Brain Mass, but More than 50 Percent of Its Neurons

Answer 19

cerebellum