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Introduction to Computer Science > Chapter 6 (Pt. 1) > Flashcards

Chapter 6 (Pt. 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of a operating system?

(3 Answers)

A
  • Communicates with users
  • Determines what they want
  • Activates other systems programs, applications packages, or user programs to carry out their request
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2
Q

User Interface

A

Provides user with an intuitive visual overview

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3
Q

What role do language services (assembler, compilers, and interpreters) provide?

A

Allow you to write programs in a high level

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4
Q

Memory Manager

A

Allocate memory space for programs and data

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5
Q

Information Managers

A

Handle the organization, storage, and retrieval of information on mass storage devices.

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6
Q

What are the types of system softwares?

(3 Answers)

A
  • I/O Systems
  • Scheduler
  • Utilities
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7
Q

I/O Systems

A

Allow you to easily and efficiently use the input and output devices that exist on a computer system

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8
Q

Scheduler

A

Keeps a list of programs ready to run on the processor and selects the one that will execute next

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9
Q

Utilities

A

Library routines that provide useful services either to a user or to other system routines

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10
Q

What are some of the problems with machine language?

(4 Answers)

A
  • Uses binary
  • Is difficult to read
  • Is difficult to change
  • Is difficult to create data
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11
Q

Assembly Language

(5 Main Answers; 2 Subanswers)

A
  • Low level programming language
  • Each symbolic assembly language instruction is translated into exactly one binary machine language instruction
  • Better than machine language
  • Machine specific (tied to OAM architecture)
  • Design decisions:
    • Op codes
    • Include/exclude specific functions
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12
Q

Source Program

A

Program written in assembly language

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13
Q

Object Program

A

Source program must be translated into a corresponding machine language program.

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14
Q

Assembler

A

System software that carries out translation

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15
Q

What are the advantages of assembly language?

A

Allows use of symbolic addresses

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16
Q

Give examples of assembly language code (OAMPL)

A
17
Q

What is the role of an assembler?

(2 Main Answers: 4 Subanswers)

A

Translates a symbolic assembly language program into machine language

Tasks performed:

  • Convert symbolic op codes to binary
  • Convert symbolic addresses to binary
  • Perform the assembler services requested by the pseudo ops
  • Put the translated instructions into a file for future use
18
Q

Op Code Table

A

Sorted list of legal assembly language op codes and their binary equivalents

19
Q

How is a symbol defined in assembly language?

A

A symbol is defined when it appears in the label field of an instruction or data pesudo-op

20
Q

Pass

A

Process of examining and processing every assembly language instruction in the program, one instruction at a time.

21
Q

What occurs during the first pass over source code?

A

Assembler looks at every instruction

22
Q

Binding

(2 Main: 2 Sub)

A

Process of associating a symbolic name with a physical memory address

OAM:

  • Symbolic name (label)
  • Memory address (line number)
23
Q

What is the primary purpose of the first pass of an assembler?

(2 Answers)

A
  • To bind all symbolic names to address values
  • To enter those bindings into symbol table
24
Q

Location Counter

A

Variable used to determine the address of a given instruction

25
Q

Second Pass

A

Assembler translates source program into machine language

26
Q

What occurs after completion of pass 1 and pass 2?

A

Object file contains the translated machine language object program

27
Q

What were Grace Hoppers achievements (new one)?

(5 Answers)

A
  • Debunked the common belief that computers could only do arithmetic
  • Created first operational compiler in 1952
  • Believed that programs should be writtern in a language that was close to english rather than in machine code or assembly language
  • Popularized the idea of machine-independent programming languages
  • Created COBOL
28
Q

High-Level Programming Languages

(4 Answers)

A
  • More abstract than assembly language
  • User oriented
  • Not machine specific (portable)
  • Use both natural language and mathematical notation in their design
29
Q

What happens to high-level language programming files?

A

These programs are translated into the appropriate machine instructions.

30
Q

Give examples of high-level programming language

A
  • Python
  • OAMPL
31
Q

Show the increasing level of complexity between the languages

A
32
Q

What does a operating essentially provide?

A

An operating system provides the basic functionality, look, and feel, for a computer.

33
Q

What is the primary purpose of an operating system?

A

Primary purpose is to create a workable operating environment for the user

34
Q

List the basic tasks of a operating system

(6 Answers)

A
  • Processor management
  • Memory management
  • Device management
  • Storage management
  • Application Interface
  • User Interface

Introduction to Computer Science (6 decks)

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